etc.
Group 2 - 1, 6, 11, 16, 21 etc.
Group 3 - 2, 7, 12, 17, 22 etc.
Group 4 - 3, 8, 13, 18, 23 etc.
Group 5 - 4, 9, 14, 19, 24 etc. "
except in data, the branches start at 0, so 'group 1' is branch 0
as for the order of your points, that depends on the input prior sorting...
yrs …
s 8, 4, 2, 10, 1, 3, 8, 4, 2, 0. But then for the end result to maintain all numbers above 5 but replace all numbers below with a defined number..Let's say zero. So then the list would read...8, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0.…
t, let's talk about randomness. Randomness is a problem in computing because digital computers are deterministic. If you give them the exact same instructions they always end up with the exact same result. It turns out to be mathematically impossible to generate true random numbers using a digital computer, but it is fairly easy to generate pseudo-random numbers. This is actually not bad news as pseudo-random numbers -unlike real random numbers- can be generated again and again and you'll end up with the same random numbers every time. Being able to get the same random numbers on demand increases the reliability of these number sequences which in turn makes them easier to use.
Pseudo-random numbers are numbers that have certain characteristics. Note that when we talk about random numbers we are really talking about numbers. Plural. It's easy to generate only a single one, as xkcd so eloquently put it:
So what are these characteristics that define pseudo-randomness? Without being actually correct, I can sum them up as follows:
The sequence of generated numbers should never repeat itself*
The numbers in the sequence ought to be spread evenly across the numeric domain**
There are a lot of different algorithms out there, some better than others, some faster than others, some solving very specific problems while others are more generic. The generator used in Grasshopper is the standard Microsoft .NET Random, based on Donald Knuth's subtractive algorithm.
So let's imagine we want random integers between 0 and 10. What would a bad random sequence look like?
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 (about as bad as it gets)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (not random at all)
1 3 2 5 3 9 1 2 4 2 5 1 1 2 8 1 5 2 3 4 (too many low numbers)
2 8 4 6 0 9 8 2 4 8 6 4 2 2 5 1 4 8 6 2 (too many even numbers)
So what about good sequences? Well, here's a few:
6 9 1 2 0 4 2 8 5 7 2 9 1 9 2 5 3 1 9 2 (sure, why not)
6 2 5 3 4 1 9 7 8 0 2 1 6 4 5 8 9 5 0 9 (looks about right)
1 8 5 2 3 4 5 7 9 5 2 1 0 2 1 0 9 7 6 4 (I suppose)
9 0 6 4 8 3 1 5 2 7 6 1 4 6 0 1 9 7 5 6 (whatever)
There are a lot of valid pseudo-random sequences. (Seriously, loads). So even if we have a good pseudo-random generator we may be given a random sequence that isn't entirely to our liking. The shorter the sequence we need, the more likely it is that statistical aberrations invalidate that particular sequence for us. What we need is some control over the generator so we don't just get a repeatable sequence, but a repeatable sequence we actually like.
Enter seed values. The random generator requires a seed value before it can generate a random sequence. These seed values are always integers, and they can be any valid 32-bit integer. Every unique seed value results in the same sequence. Every time.
Unfortunately there is no clear relationship between seeds and sequences. Changing the seed value from 5 to 6 will result in a completely difference random sequence, and two sequences that are very similar may well have to wildly different seeds. There is therefore no way to guess a good seed value, it is completely trial-and-error. Also because of this extremely discontinuous nature, you cannot use tools like Galapagos to optimize a seed value.
If you are looking for a pseudo-random sequence which has custom characteristics, you may well end up having to write your own generator algorithm. Ask questions about this on the Grasshopper main forum or the VB/C# forum.
Conclusion: Seed values are integers that define the exact sequence of pseudo-random numbers, but there's no way of knowing ahead of time what sequence it will be and there's no way of tweaking a sequence by slightly changing the seed. Even the tiniest change in seed value will result in a radically different random sequence.
--
David Rutten
david@mcneel.com
Poprad, Slovakia
* This is not actually possible. A finite amount of numbers always repeats itself eventually.
** This should only be true for long enough sequences, short sequences are allowed to cluster their values somewhat.
Interesting links for further reading:
Coding Horror: Computers are Louse Random Number Generators
StackOverflow: When do random numbers start repeating?…
Added by David Rutten at 9:52am on October 20, 2012
ems in the same way. Lofting was particularly difficult, you had to have a separate loft component for every lofted surface that you wanted to generate because the component would/could only see one large list of inputs. Then came along the data structures in GH v0.6 which allowed for the segregation of multiple input sets.
If you go to Section 8: The Garden of Forking Paths of the Grasshopper Primer 2nd Edition you will find the image above describing the storing of data.
Here you will notice a similarity between the path {0;0;0;0}(N=6) and the pathmapper Mask {A;B;C;D}(i). A is a placeholder for all of the first Branch structures (in this case just 0). B is a place holder for all the second branch structures possibly either 0, 1 or 2 in this case. And so forth.
(i) is a place holder for the index of N. If you think of it like a for loop the i plays the same role. For the example {A;B;C;D}(i) --> {i\3}
{0;0;0;0}(0) --> {0\3} = {0}
{0;0;0;0}(1) --> {1\3} = {0}
{0;0;0;0}(2) --> {2\3} = {0}
{0;0;0;0}(3) --> {3\3} = {1}
{0;0;0;0}(4) --> {4\3} = {1}
{0;0;0;0}(5) --> {5\3} = {1}
{0;0;0;1}(0) --> {0\3} = {0}
{0;0;0;1}(1) --> {1\3} = {0}
{0;0;0;1}(2) --> {2\3} = {0}
{0;0;0;1}(3) --> {3\3} = {1}
{0;0;0;1}(4) --> {4\3} = {1}
{0;0;0;1}(5) --> {5\3} = {1}
{0;0;0;1}(6) --> {6\3} = {2}
{0;0;0;1}(7) --> {7\3} = {2}
{0;0;0;1}(8) --> {8\3} = {2}
...
{0;2;1;1}(8) --> {8\3} = {2}
I'm not entirely sure why you want to do this particular exercise but it goes some way towards describing the process.
The reason for the tidy up: every time the data stream passes through a component that influences the path structure it adds a branch. This can get very unwieldy if you let it go to far. some times I've ended up with structures like {0;0;1;0;0;0;3;0;0;0;14}(N=1) and by remapping the structure to {A;B;C} you get {0;0;1}(N=15) and is much neater to deal with.
If you ever need to see what the structure is there is a component called Param Viewer on the first Tab Param>Special Icon is a tree. It has two modes text and visual double click to switch between the two.
Have a look at this example of three scenarios in three situations to see how the data structure changes depending on what components are doing.
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Writing simulation parameters...3. [2 of 8] No context surfaces...4. [3 of 8] Writing geometry...5. unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'str' and 'list'6. Failed to write Pelle_aperture000 to idf file7. unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'str' and 'list'8. Failed to write Pelle_aperture001 to idf file9. unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'str' and 'list'10. Failed to write Pelle_aperture002 to idf file11. [4 of 8] Writing Electric Load Center - Generator specifications ...12. [5 of 8] Writing materials and constructions...13. [6 of 8] Writing schedules...14. [7 of 8] Writing loads and ideal air system...15. [8 of 8] Writing outputs...16. ...... idf file is successfully written to : C:\Users\Personal\Desktop\TESI\x001\THOR\EnergyPlus\THOR.idf17. 18. Set runEnergyPlus to True!
or this
0. Current document units is in Meters1. Conversion to Meters will be applied = 1.0002. [1 of 8] Writing simulation parameters...3. [2 of 8] No context surfaces...4. [3 of 8] Writing geometry...5. Runtime error (MissingMemberException): 'hb_EPFenSurface' object has no attribute 'blindsMaterial'6. Traceback:line 1567, in main, "<string>"line 2134, in script
i think that i've same problem with my windows...any suggestion???
Thanks for all…