,with OpenfoamV1612+ in Windows 10 64bit.The blockmesh worked good.And the snappyhexmesh crashed in the process.My computer memory is not enough? Or some settings wrong?Could you help me solve this question?/---------------------------------------------------------------------------| ========= | || \ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox || \ / O peration | Version: v1612+ || \ / A nd | Web: www.OpenFOAM.com || \/ M anipulation | |*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/Build : v1612+Exec : snappyHexMeshDate : Aug 27 2017Time : 09:39:54Host : "default"PID : 13443Case : /home/ofuser/workingDir/butterfly/outdoor_airflownProcs : 1sigFpe : Enabling floating point exception trapping (FOAM_SIGFPE).fileModificationChecking : Monitoring run-time modified files using timeStampMaster (fileModificationSkew 10)allowSystemOperations : Allowing user-supplied system call operations
// * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * //Create time
Create mesh for time = 0
Read mesh in = 2.14 s
Overall mesh bounding box : (-241.5472 -241.4418 0) (496.4376 536.2438 144.8633)Relative tolerance : 1e-06Absolute matching distance : 0.001081851
Reading refinement surfaces.Read refinement surfaces in = 0.01 s
Reading refinement shells.Refinement level 3 for all cells inside around_buildings_area.stlRead refinement shells in = 0 s
Setting refinement level of surface to be consistent with shells.For geometry outdoor_airflow.stl detected 0 uncached triangles out of 120Checked shell refinement in = 0 s
Reading features.Read features in = 0 s
Determining initial surface intersections
Edge intersection testing:Number of edges : 1684728Number of edges to retest : 1684728Number of intersected edges : 5583Calculated surface intersections in = 1.68 s
Initial mesh : cells:554112 faces:1684728 points:576779Cells per refinement level:0 554112
Adding patches for surface regions
Patch Type Region
outdoor_airflow:
6 wall buildings
Added patches in = 0.03 s
Edge intersection testing:Number of edges : 1684728Number of edges to retest : 0Number of intersected edges : 5583Selecting decompositionMethod none
Refinement phase
Found point (127.4452 147.401 72.43167) in cell 402042 on processor 0
Surface refinement iteration 0
Marked for refinement due to surface intersection : 8820 cells.Determined cells to refine in = 3.87 sSelected for refinement : 8820 cells (out of 554112)Edge intersection testing:Number of edges : 1883850Number of edges to retest : 250376Number of intersected edges : 21198Refined mesh in = 1.77 sAfter refinement surface refinement iteration 0 : cells:615852 faces:1883850 points:652499Cells per refinement level:0 5452921 70560
Surface refinement iteration 1
Marked for refinement due to surface intersection : 38502 cells.Determined cells to refine in = 0.04 sSelected for refinement : 40392 cells (out of 615852)Edge intersection testing:Number of edges : 2787132Number of edges to retest : 1118049Number of intersected edges : 85655Refined mesh in = 3.17 sAfter refinement surface refinement iteration 1 : cells:898596 faces:2787132 points:990317Cells per refinement level:0 5432351 486812 306680
Surface refinement iteration 2
Marked for refinement due to surface intersection : 159213 cells.Determined cells to refine in = 0.1 sSelected for refinement : 168471 cells (out of 898596)Edge intersection testing:Number of edges : 6576117Number of edges to retest : 4737635Rhino Model and GH files is in t'he zip file.Please help me solve this question!~~…
iples of the Gestalt principles, a diversity of shapes and sizes models will be designed through means of digital computation. Various morphologies will be derived through a bottom-up approach via various coding techniques. To bridge the gap between the digital and physical aspect of the design iterations, AA Athens makes use of digital fabricating machines to produce its’ architectural prototypes and adds mechanics to amplify their communicative characteristics. A complete 1:1 scale structure will be constructed, enabling interaction via sight, hearing and touch as a result of a series of initial testing models. These proposals will be formulated through the combination of different design software.
The programme is organized in a two-stage process:
Stage 1: Participants gain an understanding of formation processes in nature, coupled with core concepts related to design complexity. During this stage, basic and advanced tutorials on generative design algorithms and analysis tools will be provided. Building on its core methodology from its previous versions, AA Athens VS will perform as a team-based programme promoting collaboration and research. Participants will be introduced to advanced fabrication techniques.
Stage 2: Participants propose design interventions based on the skills and knowledge gained during the first stage. Study models of various scales will be produced, leading to the fabrication and assembly of a full scale working prototype which unifies the design goals of the programme.
The design agendas of AA Athens and AA Istanbul Visiting Schools will directly create feedback on one another, allowing participation in either one or both Programmes.
Prominent features of the programme / skills developed:
• Participants become part of an active learning environment where the large tutor to student ratio (4:1) allows for personalized tutorials and debates.
• The toolset of AA Athens includes but is not limited to Rhinoceros, Processing, and Grasshopper, as well as analysis software.
• Participants gain access to digital fabrication tools such as 3-axis CNC router, laser-cutter, and 3d-printer.
• Design seminars and lecture series support the key objectives of the programme, disseminating fundamental design techniques and relevant critical thinking methodologies.
The workshop is open to current architecture and design students, PhD candidates and young professionals. The deadline for applications is 27 May 2015.
The AA Visiting School requires a fee of £600 per participant, which includes a £60 Visiting Membership fee. Discount options for groups or for those wishing to apply for both AA Athens and AA Istanbul Visiting Schools are available. Please contact the AA Visiting School Coordinator for more details. Alternatively, you can find more information on discounts from the link below:
http://ai.aaschool.ac.uk/athens/portfolio/discounts-2015/
More information on the AA Istanbul Visiting School and the online application link can be found on:
http://www.aaschool.ac.uk/STUDY/VISITING/athens
If you have any questions, please contact:
Alexandros Kallegias (AA Athens Visiting School Programme Director)
Email: alexandros.kallegias@aaschool.ac.uk…
Added by elif erdine at 4:05pm on February 22, 2015
as the design table? I think this could be 'drawn' and constrained in Inventor in a lot less time. I know the GH model would have a lot of flexibility, but in this case, what can you do with it that wasn't provided by an Inventor model?
Only the 27 lines mentioned were modeled in Rhino, the rest is modeled with GH.
The 5 hrs involved thinking about the approach, defining vertical lines, tilts, elevations, pitch of the roof, intersections.
Once I had decided what my approach would be, and tested the logic with those first lines, points and data path arrangements, it only took one more hour to get to this:
Which is actually quite fast, compared to MCAD workflows.
If you already have components (columns, beams, etc.) modeled and ready to drop into a project, of course it is lightning fast to model simple projects like this example.
I am not as much interested in those situations, because improving efficiency is straightforward and obvious.
I'm more interested in situations where there are no pre-defined families of objects, in which case you need to start from scratch.
The GH model I'm showing is modeled from scratch, except for the 27 lines in Rhino.
Here's one obvious advantage to modeling with GH, once the definition is set-up, it's virtually effortless to change inputs and alter the overall design. Here's an example, lets say we wanted to extend the roof 3 more units, curling away from the original direction.
Plan view before:
And after:
An MCAD app will also allow you to do this, as long as the location of additional elements follows the existing geometric method of definition. What happens if you want completely change the way you locate columns, roof slope, intersection points?
In MCAD, you'll need to re-model the underlying geometry, which will take the same effort as the first round. In GH, this process is not only much faster, it's open to algorithmic approaches, galapagos, etc. and it just takes some simple re-wiring to have all down-stream elements associate themselves to this new geoemtric definition.
For instance, here's the same definition applied to two curves, which are divided in GH, the resulting points are used as a starting point for lines directed at normal from curves.
This is not so easy to do in MCAD.…
Added by Santiago Diaz at 7:55pm on February 24, 2011
register, please contact Miss Roula Homsi Tel: 06/218400 ext:4007email: r.homsi@bau.edu.lbTOPICS: Parametric design , Algorithms, Kinetic Architecture, responsive facades, interactive design, smart buildings, generative design, NURBS modeling, parametric modeling, architectural design algorithms, form finding algorithms , and Environmental Adaptive Dynamic ArchitectureComputational skills: Rhino3D – Grasshopper 3d – Paneling tools - Kangaroo plugin - fields grasshopper -Digital Fabrication- Arduino micro controllers - lighting and temperature sensors - Firefly plugin - gHowl – mobile controller - Wi-Fi controllersWORKSHOP PROGRAM: PHASE ONE: Day 01- opening lecture on Algorithmic Added Design - tutorials and introductions to NURBS modeling with Rhino 3d- Parametric modeling tutorials with grasshopper 3d- Grasshopper processes, algorithmic logic and data management-Essential mathematical functions and logical operations- Projects assignments, groups divisions, project phase’s scheduleDay 02 - Form finding methods and theories for architecture - Training on physical algorithms using Kangaroo plugin-Catenary systems on curves, Catenary on surfaces, and mesh relaxation- Algorithms and design inspirations- Subdivision algorithms, paneling tools- Responsive materials, structural optimizations- Project phase one submissionDay 03- Envelope pattern optimizations for natural lighting- Kinetic Architecture introduction and projects examples- Responsive material analysis and design systems- Kinetic facades and dynamic pattern - Training on Arduino & preparing digital models for kinetic simulationPHASE TWODay 04- environmental Sensors, design reaction- lighting sensors, temperature sensors-Responsive envelop responsive simulations to sensors.-Smart and embedded systems for Architecture- Architectural models movements and mechanisms Day 05- Wireless controllers for grasshopper- Mobile controllers - Projects final submissionDay 06 -Finalizing students projects,-Models fabrications and sensors installations, documenting reactions-Final project ourcomesFEES for the 2 phases __ fees is 420 $ per participants( 360 for BAU students) Fees includes all teaching materials, software kit, lectures kit, laser cutting, Arduino microcontroller boards, sensors and using equipment. Students need to bring their own laptops, digital equipment and model making tools.PREREQUESTSThis program is open to current international Engineering, architecture and design students, masters, PhD candidates and young architects and professionals. Software Requirements: basic knowledge of 2D and 3D modeling software.…
The PC actually stops working because after a few seconds the simulation starts the fan inside the PC all of a sudden stops and for the next 5-10 mins I cannot do anything, even alt+ctrl+canc. After I wait for that time i get the followig error:
the ReadMe says:
{0;0;0}0. Grid-based Radiance simulation1. The component is checking ad, as, ar and aa values. This is just to make sure that the results are accurate enough.2. -ar is set to 300.3. Good to go!4. Current working directory is set to: C:\Users\Luigi\Desktop\Prova__\Prova_1\gridBasedSimulation\5. Found a trans material... Resetting st parameter from 0.85 to 0.011276004966. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline7. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline8. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline9. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline10. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline11. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline12. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline13. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline14. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline15. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline16. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline17. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline18. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline19. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline20. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline21. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline22. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline23. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline24. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline25. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline26. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline27. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline28. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline29. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline30. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline31. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline32. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline33. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline34. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline35. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline36. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline37. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline38. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline39. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline40. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline41. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline42. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline43. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline44. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline45. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline46. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline47. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline48. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline49. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline50. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline51. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline52. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline53. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline54. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline55. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline56. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline57. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline58. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline59. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline60. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline61. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline62. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline63. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline64. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline65. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline66. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline67. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline68. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline69. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline70. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline71. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline72. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline73. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline74. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline75. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline76. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline77. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline78. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline79. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline80. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline81. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline82. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline83. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline84. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline85. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline86. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline87. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline88. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline89. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline90. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline91. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline92. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline93. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline94. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline95. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline96. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline97. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline98. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline99. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline100. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline101. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline102. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline103. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline104. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline105. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline106. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline107. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline108. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline109. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline110. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline111. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline112. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline113. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline114. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline115. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline116. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline117. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline118. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline119. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline120. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline121. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline122. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline123. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline124. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline125. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline126. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline127. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline128. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline129. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline130. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline131. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline132. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline133. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline134. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline135. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline136. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline137. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline138. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline139. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline140. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline141. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline142. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline143. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline144. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline145. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline146. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline147. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline148. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline149. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline150. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline151. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline152. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline153. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline154. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline155. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline156. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline157. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline158. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline159. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline160. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline161. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline162. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline163. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline164. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline165. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline166. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline167. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline168. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline169. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline170. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline171. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline172. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline173. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline174. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline175. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline176. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline177. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline178. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline179. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline180. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline181. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline182. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline183. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline184. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline185. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline186. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline187. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline188. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline189. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline190. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline191. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline192. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline193. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline194. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline195. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline196. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline197. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline198. Runtime error (IndexOutOfRangeException): index out of range: 0199. Traceback: line 320, in script
The thing is that if I raise the -aa parameter from 0.05 to 0.1 all works fine..
Is this only related to my PC then?? What should I do to solve this issue?
Thanks again for your help
Luigi…
ood Samaritan) said: well ... since the Ducati won't start (not my fault officer) help that girl.
Good news: Almost ready, well for a pair of curves ... but the rest are bureaucracy than any(?) intelligence(?). Took me 27 minutes, 23 seconds and 45,78 milliseconds using the famous cut and paste method of mine - US patent pending (from other C# stuff, that is).
I hear you: but the planes don't rotate. Well, that's exactly "almost" is used: the rotation logic IS NOT that simple (can you guess the reason?).
How to use it (up to that point - FULL detail Louvers used, he he):
(a) Load the Rhino file first. It doesn't display anything but the Block Manager can tell you a different story.
(b) Load the definition (it doesn't look that impressive at least as regards the graphics, he he) AND read all the comments.
(c) Go there and enable the second script (turn false to true, DO NOT turn false the second boolean flag because the simplified Louver is not yet imported).
(d) Prior changing the geometry via the first C#, disable the script (or keep it active if your computer is fast). But ... if you change the widthOfPanel value ... you'll need CATIA for that I'm afraid (create on the fly the parametric Louver assembly in full detail, in REAL-TIME).
I hear you: where are the wooden things? Well ... that's kid's stuff my dear just extruding a BrepFace both sides (V2 does this).
I hear you: are you saying that you'll make ALL the curves with C# (control their shape individually PER pair) and not just place the louvers into the existing curves provided? Yes that is what V3 does (it's ready but some minor things remain).
I hear you: and what V4 does then? Well ... have faith, he he
All that provided that ... that |$@%@$ Ducati could start (what's wrong with this thing? that's the 1M question).
best, The Troll…
the river Plate is an unexplored opportunity. The grid that configures the city’s urban tissue remains oblivious to its context, imposing a constant order. Its relationship with the river is one of mutual exclusion; as soon as the grid reaches the river it stops, but never modifies its nature. There is one happy exception to this condition – the northern riverside area of Buenos Aires called ‘Tigre’, which responds to the topography of the natural delta. In this workshop, projects will embrace the boundary between river and city as a means of managing alternative metropolitan ecosystems. By challenging the traditional relationship between architectural, urban and natural forces, students will propose new territorial organisations that develop both floating and rooted structures that are responsive to the nature of the delta. In this research workshop students have the opportunity to develop a range of computational techniques in order to explore alternative design opportunities. Week 1 Organised in teams, students will work with the articulation of the grid and the river. The goal is to produce several iterations analysing the potential transformation of the grid as it reaches the riverbank. This analysis will form the basis of an urban design proposal that establishes a new relationship between the city and the river. Design tutors, including Victor Orive, Arturo Revilla and professionals from the A A and other institutions, will provide digital tutorials and lectures on their own urban design research and projects. Week 2 During this phase we will address how such conditions affect discrete objects and/or a field of objects. The goal is to design a pavilion and study how a gradual change in field conditions will affect its size, porosity and orientation. This will unfold new opportunities to redefine the relationship between form and function.
Applications
The deadline for applications is 2 July 2012. All participants travelling from abroad are responsible for securing any visa required. After payment of fees, the AA can provide a letter confirming participation in the workshop. A portfolio or CV is not required, only the online application form and payment.
Fees
The AA Visiting School requires a fee of £695 per participant, which includes a £50 Visiting Membership. If you are already a member, the total fee will be reduced automatically by £50 by the online payment system. Fees are non refundable. Fees do not include flights. Accommodation during the workshop is not provided, but advice on accommodation options can be given. Students need to bring their own laptops, digital equipment and model making tools. Please ensure this equipment is covered by your own insurance as the AA takes no responsibility for items lost or stolen at the workshop.
Eligibility The workshop is open to architecture and design students and professionals worldwide.…
nts for Ladybug too. They are based on PVWatts v1 online calculator, supporting crystalline silicon fixed tilt photovoltaics.
You can download them from here, or use the Update Ladbybug component instead. If you take the first option, after downloading check if .ghuser files are blocked (right click -> "Properties" and select "Unblock").
You can download the example files from here.
Video tutorials will follow in the coming period.
In the very essence these components help you answer the question: "How much energy can my roof, building facade, solar parking... generate if I would populate them with PV panels"?
They allow definition of different types of losses (snow, age, shading...) which may affect your PV system:
And can find its optimal tilt and orientation:
Or analyse its performance, energy value, consumption, emissions...
By Djordje Spasic and Jason Sensibaugh, with invaluable support of Dr. Frank Vignola, Dr. Jason M. Keith, Paul Gilman, Chris Mackey, Mostapha Sadeghipour Roudsari, Niraj Palsule, Joseph Cunningham and Christopher Weiss.
Thank you for reading, and hope you will enjoy using the components!
EDIT: From march 27 2017, Ladybug Photovoltaics components support thin-film modules as well.
References:
1) System losses:
PVWatts v5 Manual, Dobos, NREL, 2014
2) Sun postion equations by Michalsky (1988):
SAM Photovoltaic Model Technical Reference, Gilman, NREL, 2014
edited by Jason Sensibaugh
3) Angle of incidence for fixed arrays:
PVWatts Version 1 Technical Reference, Dobos, NREL, 2013
4) Plane-of-Array diffuse irradiance by Perez 1990 algorithm:
PVPMC Sandia National Laboratories
SAM Photovoltaic Model Technical Reference, Gilman, NREL, 2014
5) Sandia PV Array Performance Module Cover:
PVWatts Version 1 Technical Reference, Dobos, NREL, 2013
6) Sandia Thermal Model, Module Temperature and Cell Temperature Models:
Photovoltaic Array Performance Model, King, Boys, Kratochvill, Sandia National Laboratories, 2004
7) CEC Module Model: Maximum power voltage and Maximum power current from:
Exact analytical solutions of the parameters of real solar cells using Lambert W-function, Jain, Kapoor, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, V81 2004, P269–277
8) PVFORM version 3.3 adapted Module and Inverter Models:
PVWatts Version 1 Technical Reference, Dobos, NREL, 2013
9) Sunpath diagram shading:
Using sun path charts to estimate the effects of shading on PV arrays, Frank Vignola, University of Oregon, 2004
Instruction manual for the Solar Pathfinder, Solar Pathfinder TM, 2008
10) Tilt and orientation factor:
Application for Purchased Systems Oregon Department of Energy
solmetric.com
11) Photovoltaics performance metrics:
Solar PV system performance assessment guideline, Honda, Lechner, Raju, Tolich, Mokri, San Jose state university, 2012
CACHE Modules on Energy in the Curriculum Solar Energy, Keith, Palsule, Mississippi State University
Inventory of Carbon & Energy (ICE) Version 2.0, Hammond, Jones, SERT University of Bath, 2011
The Energy Return on Energy Investment (EROI) of Photovoltaics: Methodology and Comparisons with Fossil Fuel Life Cycles, Raugei, Fullana-i-Palmer, Fthenakis, Elsevier Vol 45, Jun 2012
12) Calculating albedo: Metenorm 6 Handbook part II: Theory, Meteotest 2007
13) Magnetic declination:
Geomag 0.9.2015, Christopher Weiss…