1 assembly. I think something is mixed up with the refenced dll. but I do not know what.I am using 4.net with visualstudio 2010. It was possible fo example to bind opennurbs.dll as assembly in Rhino4 and older grasshopper about mid 2010. Now in Rhino5 and the new Grasshopper it throws errors. I think some assemblies are mixed up. I cannot use Rhino.IO.3dmfile.Read as it does not have all functions i need for building a proper database.
here is some buggy code snippet for getting the layertree.
// pre define OnTextLog dump_to_stdout = new OnTextLog(); dump_to_stdout.SetIndentSize(2); OnTextLog dump = dump_to_stdout; OnFileHandle dump_fp = null; OnXModel model = new OnXModel(); bool bVerboseTextDump = true; string sFileName = @"C:\test.3dm"; // open file containing opennurbs archive OnFileHandle archive_fp = OnUtil.OpenFile(sFileName, "rb"); if (archive_fp == null) { dump.Print(" Unable to open file.\n"); //continue; } dump.PushIndent(); // create archive object from file pointer OnBinaryArchive archive = new OnBinaryFile(IOn.archive_mode.read3dm, archive_fp); // read the contents of the file into "model" bool rc = model.Read(ref archive, dump); // close the file OnUtil.CloseFile(archive_fp); RMA.OpenNURBS.ArrayOnLayer layer_array = model.m_layer_table; // layerstruktur lesen List <System.Guid> list_int = new List<System.Guid>(); List <System.Guid> list_parent = new List<System.Guid>(); for (int i = 0;layer_array.Count() > i;i++) { list_int.Add(layer_array[i].m_layer_id); list_parent.Add(layer_array[i].m_parent_layer_id); } // calculate List <int> list_depth = new List<int>(); for (int i = 0;list_int.Count > i;i++) { list_depth.Add(tree_decompose(i, list_int, list_parent)); } A = list_depth;</item> <item name="AdditionalSource" type_name="gh_string" type_code="10">
int tree_decompose (int position, List<System.Guid> list_guuid, List<System.Guid> list_parent) { int temp_position = position; int send = 0; if (position != 0){ if (list_parent[position] != System.Guid.Empty) { temp_position = list_guuid.IndexOf(list_parent[position]); send = 1 + tree_decompose(temp_position, list_guuid, list_parent); } if (list_parent[position] == System.Guid.Empty){send = 0;} } if(position == 0){send = 0;} return send; }…
The PC actually stops working because after a few seconds the simulation starts the fan inside the PC all of a sudden stops and for the next 5-10 mins I cannot do anything, even alt+ctrl+canc. After I wait for that time i get the followig error:
the ReadMe says:
{0;0;0}0. Grid-based Radiance simulation1. The component is checking ad, as, ar and aa values. This is just to make sure that the results are accurate enough.2. -ar is set to 300.3. Good to go!4. Current working directory is set to: C:\Users\Luigi\Desktop\Prova__\Prova_1\gridBasedSimulation\5. Found a trans material... Resetting st parameter from 0.85 to 0.011276004966. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline7. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline8. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline9. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline10. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline11. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline12. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline13. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline14. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline15. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline16. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline17. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline18. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline19. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline20. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline21. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline22. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline23. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline24. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline25. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline26. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline27. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline28. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline29. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline30. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline31. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline32. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline33. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline34. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline35. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline36. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline37. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline38. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline39. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline40. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline41. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline42. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline43. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline44. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline45. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline46. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline47. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline48. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline49. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline50. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline51. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline52. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline53. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline54. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline55. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline56. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline57. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline58. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline59. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline60. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline61. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline62. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline63. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline64. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline65. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline66. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline67. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline68. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline69. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline70. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline71. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline72. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline73. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline74. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline75. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline76. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline77. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline78. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline79. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline80. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline81. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline82. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline83. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline84. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline85. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline86. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline87. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline88. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline89. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline90. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline91. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline92. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline93. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline94. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline95. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline96. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline97. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline98. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline99. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline100. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline101. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline102. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline103. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline104. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline105. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline106. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline107. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline108. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline109. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline110. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline111. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline112. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline113. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline114. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline115. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline116. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline117. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline118. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline119. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline120. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline121. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline122. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline123. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline124. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline125. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline126. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline127. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline128. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline129. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline130. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline131. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline132. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline133. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline134. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline135. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline136. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline137. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline138. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline139. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline140. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline141. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline142. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline143. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline144. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline145. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline146. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline147. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline148. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline149. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline150. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline151. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline152. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline153. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline154. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline155. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline156. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline157. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline158. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline159. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline160. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline161. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline162. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline163. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline164. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline165. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline166. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline167. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline168. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline169. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline170. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline171. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline172. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline173. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline174. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline175. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline176. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline177. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline178. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline179. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline180. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline181. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline182. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline183. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline184. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline185. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline186. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline187. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline188. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline189. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline190. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline191. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline192. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline193. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline194. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline195. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline196. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline197. WMIC PROCESS get Commandline198. Runtime error (IndexOutOfRangeException): index out of range: 0199. Traceback: line 320, in script
The thing is that if I raise the -aa parameter from 0.05 to 0.1 all works fine..
Is this only related to my PC then?? What should I do to solve this issue?
Thanks again for your help
Luigi…
tura digital en corte Láser, corte CNC, impresión 3d, y modelado paramétrico.
Este tercer taller enseña los fundamentos del modelado paramétrico y algunas bases de manufactura digital.
PERFIL DEL ALUMNO QUE INGRESA:
Diseñador, Arquitecto, Artista con conocimientos de Rhinoceros interesados en comenza a modelar paramétrico con Grasshopper para fabricación digital básica.
PERFIL DEL ALUMNO QUE EGRESA:
El alumno terminará con los conocimientos y criterios para el desarrollo de piezas o proyectos utilizando fabricación digital, mejorando y agilizando los flujos de trabajo, así como los criterios fundamentales del Modelado Paramétrico -Generativo.
Taller de modelado paramétrico con Grasshopper
Interfase
Manejo de Datos
Data Volátil
Data Persistente
Rangos y dominios
Atractores
Listas y Cull
Modelado por Layer Object
Análisis Básicos
Conexión de Curvas
Superficies
Análisis de Superficies
Panelización Básica
Relaciones con Excel
Modelado generativo
Fechas: del 8 de Febrero al 1º de Marzo
Días: Sábado
Horarios: de 10 am a 3 pm
Sesiones: 4 de 5hrs
Duración: 20 horas
Precio: $3,000.00…
nts for Ladybug too. They are based on PVWatts v1 online calculator, supporting crystalline silicon fixed tilt photovoltaics.
You can download them from here, or use the Update Ladbybug component instead. If you take the first option, after downloading check if .ghuser files are blocked (right click -> "Properties" and select "Unblock").
You can download the example files from here.
Video tutorials will follow in the coming period.
In the very essence these components help you answer the question: "How much energy can my roof, building facade, solar parking... generate if I would populate them with PV panels"?
They allow definition of different types of losses (snow, age, shading...) which may affect your PV system:
And can find its optimal tilt and orientation:
Or analyse its performance, energy value, consumption, emissions...
By Djordje Spasic and Jason Sensibaugh, with invaluable support of Dr. Frank Vignola, Dr. Jason M. Keith, Paul Gilman, Chris Mackey, Mostapha Sadeghipour Roudsari, Niraj Palsule, Joseph Cunningham and Christopher Weiss.
Thank you for reading, and hope you will enjoy using the components!
EDIT: From march 27 2017, Ladybug Photovoltaics components support thin-film modules as well.
References:
1) System losses:
PVWatts v5 Manual, Dobos, NREL, 2014
2) Sun postion equations by Michalsky (1988):
SAM Photovoltaic Model Technical Reference, Gilman, NREL, 2014
edited by Jason Sensibaugh
3) Angle of incidence for fixed arrays:
PVWatts Version 1 Technical Reference, Dobos, NREL, 2013
4) Plane-of-Array diffuse irradiance by Perez 1990 algorithm:
PVPMC Sandia National Laboratories
SAM Photovoltaic Model Technical Reference, Gilman, NREL, 2014
5) Sandia PV Array Performance Module Cover:
PVWatts Version 1 Technical Reference, Dobos, NREL, 2013
6) Sandia Thermal Model, Module Temperature and Cell Temperature Models:
Photovoltaic Array Performance Model, King, Boys, Kratochvill, Sandia National Laboratories, 2004
7) CEC Module Model: Maximum power voltage and Maximum power current from:
Exact analytical solutions of the parameters of real solar cells using Lambert W-function, Jain, Kapoor, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, V81 2004, P269–277
8) PVFORM version 3.3 adapted Module and Inverter Models:
PVWatts Version 1 Technical Reference, Dobos, NREL, 2013
9) Sunpath diagram shading:
Using sun path charts to estimate the effects of shading on PV arrays, Frank Vignola, University of Oregon, 2004
Instruction manual for the Solar Pathfinder, Solar Pathfinder TM, 2008
10) Tilt and orientation factor:
Application for Purchased Systems Oregon Department of Energy
solmetric.com
11) Photovoltaics performance metrics:
Solar PV system performance assessment guideline, Honda, Lechner, Raju, Tolich, Mokri, San Jose state university, 2012
CACHE Modules on Energy in the Curriculum Solar Energy, Keith, Palsule, Mississippi State University
Inventory of Carbon & Energy (ICE) Version 2.0, Hammond, Jones, SERT University of Bath, 2011
The Energy Return on Energy Investment (EROI) of Photovoltaics: Methodology and Comparisons with Fossil Fuel Life Cycles, Raugei, Fullana-i-Palmer, Fthenakis, Elsevier Vol 45, Jun 2012
12) Calculating albedo: Metenorm 6 Handbook part II: Theory, Meteotest 2007
13) Magnetic declination:
Geomag 0.9.2015, Christopher Weiss…
Data matching is a problem without a clean solution. It occurs when a component has access to differently sized inputs. Imagine a component which creates line segments between points. It will have…
are invisible in the picture.
So what you see it's a common band that has lost all those characteristics of the original in order to protect the process.
We also did an "invisible setting" prototype which has built in Flexibility.
If you are in the jewelry industry you would know what I mean and it is close to a miracle.
It's a shame I can not share details and this is why I am planning my next major work on something 10 times more complex then this, at least.
It's will be for my own business and for the jewelry industry as well.
I hate to tease people and then not to be able to produce anything more than an image.
But I thought it would be better than nothing, at least for jeweler designers, so they can see that there are more and more users and that complexity it is not something to shy away from, and it's worth the time spent because the returns on production are far larger than for special orders and this is why GH is useful.
We can design a piece of jewelry usually in less then 1 hour, hence GH is not really worth the time.
But for production with so many variables (Finger sizes controlling most of the outcome together with stone sizes etc.) then GH it's a MUST!
I really appreciate everyone's comments and suspicions and I understand why.
99% of the people out there do not really understand the complexity of jewelry at the industrial level. It' s not just form but the post-production that's the killer.
This industry it's still an hybrid of technology and art with, and due to the lack of the old school pros, unfortunately, we face very lousy and unpredictable execution in the post production (after the casting process). This leaves you with a design process and intention that requires a lot of control over every possible variant of the object.
One wrong design aspect it's multiplied thousands of times at the benches (for every single piece) = bad profits!
It sound more serious that it is but very few companies are willing to do so (delivering good product vs low quality and this also happens because the consumer is not longer aware of the difference. So, who does keep quality, it's only because of integrity, third party QA or just pride).
This is way GH is invaluable. This is why that Def looks like out of proportion for that (Visual) simple band.
It is because there are dozens and dozens of variable effecting everything else. In fact it is not even complete as it is in order to cover everything but the most critical ones.
Sorry for the long replays. I am an instructor and a professional jeweler by trade since I was very young and I love to teach, so I overflow with explanations... and Components :)).
Next time it will be "in the open" as they say...…
merely automates finding clear intersections between pairs of objects and then splits the objects along those intersection *curves*, deletes the trims, then joins the remains, and cycles on. But within the confusing Rhino Settings tolerance value, wherever surfaces actually just sort of come closely together, there *is* *no* clear intersection curve. So it bugs out and stops working EVERY time you try more than a dozen or two spheres.
Some software can do this by switching to volumetric pixels (voxels). $9K-$30K Geomagic Freeform is an example of this. It also fails sometimes, often due to memory issues, as you can imagine since it needs to fill all inner space of each sphere definition with 3D pixels.
Materialize Magics for $16K can often handle such Booleans well. It will take a seeming lifetime to figure out such often pirate software kludges though.
One thing you can try though is to simply drape a mesh or NURBS plane onto the top of your spheres.
There's a well known *reason* your Booleans are failing. Nobody here has yet even hinted at it:
The main reason is that Rhino/Grasshopper developers don't care about the human element. The math exists to make this work very fast, every time. It just has to join things *right*, incorporating human knowledge of kissing surfaces, instead of acting stupidly, like some pocket calculator. But that would involve hacks that make 99% of complex Booleans work instead of 10%, and we can't have that since it will be SLOWER for the other 1% that just happen to have no nearly kissing or really kissing surfaces.
You could also use the new Cocoon plugin to do a surface *around* your structures, with a given radius of extension beyond the spheres, then offset that surface back the same radius. That is 100% robust, but won't offer quite as sharp of intersections, more rounded, like most everybody wants anyway.
You can *test* Boolean failures, by running a Grasshopper intersection command, to see the intersection curves, and zoom in to see how badly many of them are, all knotted, or twisted, or even with gaps, often with gaps.
It's a math problem nobody at McNeel wants to solve, sorry.
Just write a check for $25K and spend six months taking notes, like I did, and you can merge your simple spheres finally.…
Added by Nik Willmore at 6:33pm on October 20, 2015
nd helpfull for me, and I always wanted to know and explore it.. I used Galapagos for solving some task, and now I'm writng an article about what I'm doing.. I have several questions regarding the algorithm's steps you mentioned (I hope you can answer):
In your explanation you described several options for some parts of the algorithm (how to make coupling, mutating etc..). Can you please explain more in detailed (parameter, or atleast the methods only) you used for Galapagos?
To be persicely:
what is the population size on the beginning?
5.a) Did you use isotopically, exclusively or biased?? - If exclusively, what percentage? - If biased what is the 'vector of weights'? or however you implemented that..
5.b) For the implementation- do you have some Gaussian with a pick on the 'Inbreeding factor' (which is some number in [0,1], while 0 presents 'incestuous', and 1 presents 'zoophilic' or the opposite)?
5.c) Did you interpolated the values by averaging (i.e. equal weights) or using preference weight according to the fitness?
5.d) I see What you said about number of sliders, want to be sure I understand: the mutation here is just to pick some percentage of the genes (what percentage you used?) and change the child's value to be a random number in the range of the slider?
Can I change the percentage of individuals from G[n] are allowed (you said the default is 10%)?
What is the default for this? Is it the first one reached?
Can I specify the max number of iteration? Can I specify the number of generations? Can I specify a fitness value to stop in?
Maybe I missed some parameters, but I saw Galapagos as a "black box". But maybe I missed I can adjust it (in the later case, would like to know what are the defaults values).
I guess it is not an open-source code (right?) and maybe you don't want to share it for public. I would be glad if possible to know a bit more at least about the methods, so I describe it when writing my article, please J You can also answer me here: naama.glauber@gmail.com…
Added by Naama Glauber at 10:08am on November 14, 2018
w how. Thanks for that. Now I do have some questions.
1. I am using the area weight tool. I am first calculating the volume of the form. I then multiply that value by it's density. So for concrete I am using 2400 kg/m^3 x volume. I then divided that number by the area of the membrane that is supporting the mass. This gives me my area weight. It seems to be working well but I want to verify that this is the correct workflow. I also want to verify that gravity would be turned off since I am thinking it is already calculated within the weight component.
2. I am finding that the new triangular element tool works much better than trying to use EA/L as input for the springs from mesh. Even when I set the timestep, subiteration, and drag I still have issues with getting very stiff materials to work. On the new finite elements tool I wanted to verify that E was in pascals. I also wanted to ask if I use imperial units can psi be entered. Now from what I am seeing the materials are deforming more than expected and to get less deformation and stretch in the mesh area I am finding the E value needs to be increased more than the true material values. Often I am raising E by a multiple of 10 or 100.
I am going to describe my problem and I will gladly share the definition if you'd prefer looking it over but basically I have an inflated membrane at a certain pressure made of a particular material. I then have a certain volume of concrete on top of the inflated membrane. My goal is to review the displacements as the concrete is applied over the membrane and find the proper pressures to apply to keep it free from deformation. I am including a picture from a project that we used kangaroo on and attempted to deal with such issues. It was a class sponsored by Cloud9 architecture held at Art Center College of Design where I was one of the instructors. Hopefully this illustrates the problem. To summarize any example file that shows the best way to implement real material properties and unit based forces would be a helpful reference and would be greatly appreciated.
…
ly fabricated interventions and interactive electronic performance art installations in Barra Funda. Along with other experts, these tutors will teach how to use and apply new design technologies, notably Rhino and Grasshopper (and numerous plug-ins including GECO, Galapagos, Kangaroo and RhinoCam); Arduino and Processing; and the use of laser-cutters, rapid- prototype machines and CNC routers and mills.
Alan Dempsey of NEX, was in 2010, selected by the Centre for European Architecture/Chicago Athenaeum as one of the 40 most significant architects in the EU under 40. In 2008 he was selected by the British Council as one of the six most significant Design Entrepreneurs. He previously worked with Future Systems, OCEAN and Homa Farjadi. Alan was an AA Unit Tutor and is Director of the AA Independent’s Group (www.independentsgroup.net), which facilitates research into the use of computational design and fabrication. Alan has lectured, exhibited and been published worldwide. His work has received a number of awards, including a LEAF award for Spencer Dock Bridge, and a D&AD pencil for the [C]space DRL 10 Pavilion.
Robert Stuart Smith of Kokkugiais a Studio Course Master at the AA DRL. Robert previously worked for Lab Architecture Studio and Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners. He focuses on self-organisational systems and developmental growth, pursuing polyvalent and environmentally responsive affect. He leads consultation to Cecil Balmond on non-linear algorithmic design research. Kokkugia has projects in the USA, UK and Mexico, and is exhibited and published internationally.
Iván Ivanoff is an artist, programmer, and researcher. He searches for new forms of communication for the society of the future and is the director of different Media Labs worldwide. He founded the artistic collaborative i2off.org+r3nder.net, which develops multi-media and interactive projects, and Estado Lateral Media Lab to investigate and develop new technologies.
The Barra Funda district of São Paulo was once characterised by a mix of small industrial, commercial and residential programmes, but, as economic policies have favoured larger production industries, numerous companies have abandoned the area. In response, the workshop proposes the creation of new types of smaller industries to produce a mix of both consumption and production, manifested through micro-manufacturing interventions that can co-exist alongside retail and housing. Computational design and digital fabrication could be used to help create these new micro-industries, which in turn will help empower local craftsman to produce and sell directly to consumers through micro-manufacturing, located in small urban workshops.
The workshop will tap into emergent gallery scene of Barra Funda and local initiatives that use computational technology to introduce a new cultural and economic impetus. The workshop is a part of the International Festival of Electronic Language (FILE), an exhibition of interactive electronic technology, and will import these electronic technologies out of the galler, collaborating with local manufacturers, artists, and activists, with a goal of disseminating a high-tech yet low-cost and small-scale fabrication systems to promote this new micro-industrial movement. The workshop is open to architecture and design students and professionals worldwide.…