Hi Onrender,

you can use Karamba for the simulation of brick and reinforced concrete walls.

If not reinforced with steel bars both concrete and brick structures show brittle behavior: They are strong in compression but weak in tension. Therefore when analyzing them with Karamba make sure that no tension stresses occur in those structural elements.

In case tension can not be avoided (by e.g. adding dead weight) one has to add reinforcement. The normal procedure when dealing with reinforced concrete structures is to do a linear elastic calculation which does not take account of cracking. The underlying assumption is, that the decrease of stiffness due to cracking is approximately uniform in the structure and thus does not lead to a large scale redistribution of internal forces. After having determined the cross section forces, one does a non-linear cross section design to determine the required amount of reinforcement. This can be done by hand (in case of uniaxial bending) or with programs like Response2000 (see http://www.ecf.utoronto.ca/~bentz/r2k.htm) or INCA2 (see http://www.u-pfeiffer.de/) in case of biaxial bending. Both of the programs can be downloaded for free.

The cross section design procedure in Karamba is based on the Eurocode 3 for steel structures. In case of brick or reinforced concrete structures different design formulas than that in EC3 apply.

Best,

Clemens

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