cy of design communication and the control of information-flow are as important as the creativity of ideas. In response to the concurrent digital evolution emerging in the architectural industry world-wide, the Faculty of Architecture at The University of Hong Kong will host a two week intensive summer program named Digital Practice.Led by professors from The University of Hong Kong, as well as invited practitioners with expertise in practice of cutting edge digital techniques, the program offers participants opportunities to experience applications of computational tools during different stages of an architectural project, i.e. concept design, form finding and optimization, delivery, management and communication of design information under the team-based working environment. By learning advanced computational techniques through case studies in the context of Hong Kong, participants are expected to go beyond the conventional perception of technology, considering users and tools as a feedback-based entity instead of a dichotomy. The program, which is taught in English, includes a series of evening lectures related delivered by teaching staff and invited local architects.對於高品質的建築專案,創意之外,專案過程中高效的設計資訊管理和交流成為項目設計深化和實施必不可少的環節。今天,數字化技術不但改變了建築師的繪圖工具,影響了設計的過程,而且提供了工程建造和管理實施的更有效、更高效的手段。針對建築的數位化演進,香港大學建築學院將於2011年暑假期間,在香港大學建築學院舉辦“數位化實踐”國際研習班。在香港大學建築學院教授及有著相關豐富經驗的外聘實踐建築師的指導下,學員將有機會體驗在專案的不同階段(如概念設計、設計形式的生成、優化,設計資訊的管理和交流),如何有效地應用各種運算智慧化技術(從設計的數位化生成和建築資訊類比到物理模型),提升設計實施的品質,增加設計團隊對於方案的控制。我們將挑戰對於“技術”的傳統認知,即相對於使用者它不僅是工具,更是與使用者互動的媒介,二者形成一個有機的合體。研習班期間會安排系列講座,展現數位化技術在實踐工程中的廣泛應用。…
ectural project, the efficiency of design communication and the control of information-flow are as important as the creativity of ideas. In response to the concurrent digital evolution emerging in the architectural industry world-wide, the Faculty of Architecture at The University of Hong Kong will host a two week intensive summer program named Digital Practice.Led by professors from The University of Hong Kong, as well as invited practitioners with expertise in practice of cutting edge digital techniques, the program offers participants opportunities to experience applications of computational tools during different stages of an architectural project, i.e. concept design, form finding and optimization, delivery, management and communication of design information under the team-based working environment. By learning advanced computational techniques through case studies in the context of Hong Kong, participants are expected to go beyond the conventional perception of technology, considering users and tools as a feedback-based entity instead of a dichotomy. The program, which is taught in English, includes a series of evening lectures related delivered by teaching staff and invited local architects.對於高品質的建築專案,創意之外,專案過程中高效的設計資訊管理和交流成為項目設計深化和實施必不可少的環節。今天,數字化技術不但改變了建築師的繪圖工具,影響了設計的過程,而且提供了工程建造和管理實施的更有效、更高效的手段。針對建築的數位化演進,香港大學建築學院將於2011年暑假期間,在香港大學建築學院舉辦“數位化實踐”國際研習班。在香港大學建築學院教授及有著相關豐富經驗的外聘實踐建築師的指導下,學員將有機會體驗在專案的不同階段(如概念設計、設計形式的生成、優化,設計資訊的管理和交流),如何有效地應用各種運算智慧化技術(從設計的數位化生成和建築資訊類比到物理模型),提升設計實施的品質,增加設計團隊對於方案的控制。我們將挑戰對於“技術”的傳統認知,即相對於使用者它不僅是工具,更是與使用者互動的媒介,二者形成一個有機的合體。研習班期間會安排系列講座,展現數位化技術在實踐工程中的廣泛應用。…
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Horticulture and Landscape in same time.
The most common plastic materials used as agricultural films are the low density polyethylene (LDPE, with a density less than 0.93 kg m−3), the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl-acetate (EVA)
Also here you can find the characteristics of the flexible materials for greenhouse covers (adapted from CPA, 1992 and Tesi, 2001) as much as i get.
UV-PE Film ( UV-PE~ polyethylene Long life or UV)
Thickness (mm) = 0.18
Direct PAR transmissivity (%) = 90
Diffuse PAR transmissivity (%)= 86
Long-wave IR transmissivity (%)= 65
EVA Film ( EVA~Ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer)
Thickness (mm) = 0.18
Direct PAR transmissivity (%) = 90
Diffuse PAR transmissivity (%)= 76
Long-wave IR transmissivity (%)= 27
and here you will find the global heat transfer coefficient’ (K in W m−2 °C−1) for the above greenhouse covering materials, measured under normalized conditions (temperatures: exterior: −10°C, interior: +20°C, wind: 4 m s−1). (Source: Nisen and Deltour, 1986.)
Cover Clear sky Overcast Sky
Single PE 8.8-9.0 7.1- 7.2
Single EVA 7.8 6.6
Note : the PAR radiation (photosynthetically active or photoactive radiation and its the amounts to 45–50% of the global radiation; Berninger, 1989)
The name PAR is used to designate the radiation with wavelengths useful for plant photosynthesis. It is accepted that the PAR radiation ranges from 400 to 700 nm (McCree, 1972), although some authors consider the PAR from 350 to 850 nm.
The composition of the radiation changes with time, as a function of the Sun’s elevation and the cloudiness. When the Sun is low over the horizon, the short wavelengths are reduced (less UV and more red). The clouds reduce the amount of energy, greatly decreasing the NIR.
The PAR proportion in relation to the global radiation increases with scattering (diffusion). It is lower with clear sky and in the summer (45–48%).
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rafat …