r planet Utopia?
2. In what sort of animal these "shaders" are to be used? Meaning that designing a "Viz" control for 2345,67 mini-membranes is one thing and doing it for your house is a totally different challenge. In plain English: it's more than possible to hit the Wall if lot's and lot's of items are invited to the party (you bring the girls and I'll provide the Vodka).
3. Do you like the idea of completely separating (on a spatial basis) input/viz control (what is on display and on what level of "detail") from the core logic (i.e. components). Pros: obvious, Cons: obvious.
4. Is this def planned as a "constant" evolution thing? Meaning that using, say, the mapper isn't the best idea if your input goes from {a;b;c} to {a;b;c;d;g;...;z}.
5. Have you any - even academic - plans (see 1) to walk the walk up to the end?. Meaning talking to Birdair/Taiyo Kogyo etc etc ( http://www.birdair.br.com/ ). If yes be prepared because these fellas work a bit differently as regards potential collaboration and feedback at design phase.
BTW: the thing that would change the world as you know it:
http://www.birdair.br.com/tensileArchitecture/tensotherm.aspx
best, Peter
…
ilion.
Then i sketched the outline curves in rhino with a few control points. The building is symetric so i only draw one side. But i'm not sure what is better for a voroni. a sharp or a soft surface? Or dose i need points?
So i have some questions:
1. how can i loft the curves correctly? My problem is that if i divide my curves for more control points, grasshopper automatically change my curve. thats ok but than i've the problem with a short curve, which fit bevor with the large one, but after the devision it can't connect.
So i tryed to duplicate the long curve and split it but with the shatter battery it dosen't work. It always cut the curve somewhere.
2. my next problem is, the curves in rhino should be my main construction, which is always visible. so i decided to offset the curves that i got a colum. but i don't know how to orient the offset curves in the xyz axis.
3. hopefully if i have the surfaces, how can i build a voroni which is offsetet, and has maybe some different thicknesses? :D
Would be really great if s.o. can help me. I tried a lot but not every thing is simple.
Sorry for my bad english.
Thx max
Here are my files:
FCP_MAX_GH_konstruktion_1.3dm
FCP_MAX_GH_konstruktion_1.gh
…
rera de Arquitectura CEM | presenta la cordial invitación al Curso de Diseño Computacional a realizarse en nuestros laboratorios de Arquitectura y Diseño Industrial del Campus Estado de México.
Fecha: jueves 21, viernes 22 de 18: a 22:00 Hrs y sábado 23 de 8:00 a 15:00 Hrs febrero 2013. 15 Horas.
El taller está orientado a estudiantes y profesionales de la Arquitectura, Arte, el Diseño e Ingeniería.
COSTO:
Alumnos Tec o EXATEC con una cuota de $2000.00 pesos.* Estudiantes EXTERNOS y profesores TEC $3000.00*, Estudiantes de posgrado externos $3800.00* y Profesionales externos $4250.00 pesos.*
OBJETIVO GENERAL:
Alfabetización sobre lectura y escritura de herramientas computacionales para el desarrollo de la Arquitectura, Diseño e Ingeniería.
Objetivos específicos:
1. Comprenderá los conceptos metodológicos del Diseño Computacional y generativo.
2. Aplicará las metodologías en el diseño, análisis y despiece de una cubierta (celosía, muro, losa, fachada o mobiliario) con base en un espacio existente en el campus.
3. Desarrollará los conceptos de programación orientada a objetos (POO Intermedia)
4. Generará algoritmos y análisis en Grasshopper sobre el ejemplo de praxis.
5. Desarrollo de documentación y presentación de resultados.
6. Fabricación del objeto, escala por definir.
Requisitos: Conocimiento de alguna plataforma CAD/CAM/CAE.
Profesor:
Arq. David Hernández Melgarejo.
http://bioarchitecturestudio.wordpress.com
Mayor información:
Kathrin Schröter, Dipl.-Ing./Arch. (D)
Directora de la Carrera de Arquitectura e Ingeniería Civil
Escuela de Diseño, Ingeniería y Arquitectura
Campus Estado de México
TEC DE MONTERREY
Tel.: (52/55) 5864 5555 Ext. 5685 o 5750
Enlace intercampus:80.236.5685
Fax: (52/55) 5864 5319
kschroter@itesm.mx
www.itesm.mx
…
.
Things have been working swimmingly in many areas of the plugin, but one particular problem has been tough to solve. I have two components that are trying to read/write to the same memory at the same time, causing Rhino exceptions and crashes.
The conflicts appear to be happening between two components -- one is a "Layer Events Listener" that reports essentially what type of layer event just happened. The other is a "Set Layer Visibility" component that toggles the visibility of a list of layers.
The code:
public class LayerTools_LayerEventsListener : GH_Component { /// <summary> /// Initializes a new instance of the LayerTools_LayerListener class. /// </summary> public LayerTools_LayerEventsListener() : base("Layer Events Listener", "Layer Listener", "Get granular information about the layer events happening in the Rhino document.", "Squirrel", "Layer Tools") { }
/// <summary> /// Registers all the input parameters for this component. /// </summary> protected override void RegisterInputParams(GH_Component.GH_InputParamManager pManager) { pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Active", "A", "Set to true to listen to layer events in the Rhino document.", GH_ParamAccess.item, false); pManager.AddTextParameter("Exclusions", "E", "Provide a list of exclusions to stop reading specific events (Added, Deleted, Moved, Renamed, Locked, Visibility, Color, Active).", GH_ParamAccess.list); pManager[1].Optional = true; }
/// <summary> /// Registers all the output parameters for this component. /// </summary> protected override void RegisterOutputParams(GH_Component.GH_OutputParamManager pManager) { pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Initialized", "I", "Whether the listener changed from passive to active.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddTextParameter("Document Name", "doc", "Name of the Rhino document that is changing.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddTextParameter("Layer Path", "path", "Path of the modifed layer.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddIntegerParameter("Layer Index", "ID", "Index of the modified layer.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddIntegerParameter("Sort Index", "SID", "Sort index of the modified layer.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddTextParameter("Event Type", "T", "Type of the modification.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Added", "A", "If the layer has been added.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Deleted", "D", "If the layer has been deleted.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Moved", "M", "If the layer has been moved.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Renamed", "R", "If the layer has been renamed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Locked", "L", "If the layer locked setting has changed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Visibility", "V", "If the layer's visibility has changed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Color", "C", "If the layer's color has changed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Active", "Act", "If the active layer has changed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); }
/// <summary> /// This is the method that actually does the work. /// </summary> /// <param name="DA">The DA object is used to retrieve from inputs and store in outputs.</param> protected override void SolveInstance(IGH_DataAccess DA) { bool active = false; List<string> exclusions = new List<string>();
DA.GetData(0, ref active); DA.GetDataList(1, exclusions);
RhinoDoc thisDoc = null;
bool initialize = false;
string dName = null; string activePath = null; int layerIndex = -1; int sortIndex = -1; string eventType = null; bool added = false; bool deleted = false; bool moved = false; bool renamed = false; bool locked = false; bool visibility = false; bool color = false; bool current = false;
if (active) { thisDoc = RhinoDoc.ActiveDoc;
initialize = (!previouslyActive) ? true : false;
RhinoDoc.LayerTableEvent -= RhinoDoc_LayerTableEvent; RhinoDoc.LayerTableEvent += RhinoDoc_LayerTableEvent; previouslyActive = true;
} else {
RhinoDoc.LayerTableEvent -= RhinoDoc_LayerTableEvent; previouslyActive = false; }
if (ev != null) { dName = ev.Document.Name; layerIndex = ev.LayerIndex; eventType = ev.EventType.ToString();
if (!exclusions.Contains("Active")) { if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Current") { // active layer has just been changed current = true; }
}
if (!exclusions.Contains("Moved")) { if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Sorted") { // active layer has just been changed moved = true; }
}
if (!exclusions.Contains("Added")) { if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Added") { // layer has just been added activePath = ev.NewState.FullPath; added = true; }
}
if (!exclusions.Contains("Active")) { if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Deleted") { // layer has just been added
deleted = true; } }
if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Modified") { // layer has been modified activePath = ev.NewState.FullPath;
//skip sortindex eventType = ev.EventType.ToString();
if (ev.OldState != null && ev.NewState != null) { if (!exclusions.Contains("Locked")) { if (ev.OldState.IsLocked != ev.NewState.IsLocked) locked = true;
} if (!exclusions.Contains("Visibility")) { if (ev.OldState.IsVisible != ev.NewState.IsVisible) visibility = true; }
if (!exclusions.Contains("Moved")) { if (ev.OldState.ParentLayerId != ev.NewState.ParentLayerId) moved = true; }
//if (ev.OldState.SortIndex != ev.NewState.SortIndex) moved = true; if (!exclusions.Contains("Renamed")) { if (ev.OldState.Name != ev.NewState.Name) renamed = true; }
if (!exclusions.Contains("Color")) { if (ev.OldState.Color != ev.NewState.Color) color = true; } }
} }
DA.SetData(0, initialize); DA.SetData(1, dName); DA.SetData(2, activePath); DA.SetData(3, layerIndex); DA.SetData(4, sortIndex); DA.SetData(5, eventType); DA.SetData(6, added); DA.SetData(7, deleted); DA.SetData(8, moved); DA.SetData(9, renamed); DA.SetData(10, locked); DA.SetData(11, visibility); DA.SetData(12, color); DA.SetData(13, current);
}
static bool previouslyActive = false; Rhino.DocObjects.Tables.LayerTableEventArgs ev = null;
void RhinoDoc_LayerTableEvent(object sender, Rhino.DocObjects.Tables.LayerTableEventArgs e) { ev = e;this.ExpireSolution(true); }
And for the layer visibility component:
public LayerTools_SetActiveLayer() : base("Set Active Layer", "SetActiveLayer", "Set the active layer in the Rhino document.", "Squirrel", "Layer Tools") { }
/// <summary> /// Registers all the input parameters for this component. /// </summary> protected override void RegisterInputParams(GH_Component.GH_InputParamManager pManager) { pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Active", "A", "Set to true to change the active layer in Rhino.", GH_ParamAccess.item, false); pManager.AddTextParameter("Path", "P", "Full path of the layer to be activated.", GH_ParamAccess.item); }
/// <summary> /// Registers all the output parameters for this component. /// </summary> protected override void RegisterOutputParams(GH_Component.GH_OutputParamManager pManager) { pManager.AddIntegerParameter("Layer ID", "ID", "Index of layer that has been activated.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Status", "St", "True when the layer has been activated.", GH_ParamAccess.item); }
/// <summary> /// This is the method that actually does the work. /// </summary> /// <param name="DA">The DA object is used to retrieve from inputs and store in outputs.</param> protected override void SolveInstance(IGH_DataAccess DA) { bool active = false; string path = "";
if (!DA.GetData(0, ref active)) return; if (!DA.GetData(1, ref path)) return;
int layer_index = -1; bool status = false;
if (path != null) {
Rhino.RhinoDoc doc = Rhino.RhinoDoc.ActiveDoc; Rhino.DocObjects.Tables.LayerTable layertable = doc.Layers;
layer_index = layertable.FindByFullPath(path, true);
if (layer_index > 0) { // if exists RhinoDoc.ActiveDoc.Layers.SetCurrentLayerIndex(layer_index, true); status = true; } }
DA.SetData(0, layer_index); DA.SetData(1, status); }
Now originally I was getting exceptions when changing multiple layers' visibility properties, which would cause the Event Listener to fire and try to read the Visibility property before the memory has been released by the Set Layer Visibility component. That led me to add an "Exceptions" input, that would allow me to disable the reading of Visibility events at the source in the Layer Events listener. That helped me manage about 95% of the crashes I was getting, but I still get strange crashes in other event properties, even when that property shouldn't be affected. For instance, I am getting a crash here on the Name property in the event from the delegate function, even though I am only changing Visibility at any one time:
I have a few ideas but they all seem pretty hacky. One is to try to set a flag that is readable by any component in the plugin -- so that the event listener can see if a "set" component is currently running and abort before causing an exception. The other is creating a delay in the event listener, somthing like 200ms, to allow any set components to finish what they are doing before reading the event. Neither seems super ideal.
Any ideas?
Thanks,
Marc
…
t in a number of curves, offset them and then make a union of those. This should give me the curve on which the center of the next particle that collides with the cluster lays.
[See attached picture]
Here's my problem. At first I got an awfull lot of error messages due to my inexperience with coding in VB and/or GH. After alle those were taken care of I have two scripts that do the job. I want to be able to do it in one script but I can't get the array of curves into the Curve.CreateBooleanUnion(x). If I set thoses curves as output and as input [hint: curves] in the next VB script, then Curve.CreateBooleanUnion(x) does work.
I guess I'm doing something terribly wrong in stating my variables, but I have no clue how to solve this.
Thanks for taking the time to look at my problem.
Reinier
Script 'offset'
Private Sub RunScript(ByVal x As Curve, ByRef A As Object) Dim z As array z = x.Offset(plane.WorldXY, 0.5, 1, 2) A = z(0)End Sub
Script 'union'
Private Sub RunScript(ByVal x As List(Of Curve), ByRef A As Object)A = Curve.CreateBooleanUnion(x)End Sub…
basis" problem ... all of a sudden - quite recently - a girl posted the MITESIGF (Most Important Thread Even Seen In Grasshopper Forums). She doesn't even realized that: she's novice:
http://www.grasshopper3d.com/forum/topics/array-1
4. Why this MITESIGF is MITESIGF? For 2 reasons:
4.a: Wooden pairs (Beams) Profile Curves (belonging in some tree) MUST allow individual control on a per "item basis" (OK, that's obvious) - see Images posted in the thread. No attractor (or any other "global" policy) can cut the mustard here (to tell you the truth this happens in 99% of pure engineering cases, but they appear very rarely in GH Forums - if at all, mind). If the profile curves are defined with 5 points (or 9 for the double thing) we need "on-the-fly" control over this Array (like the radii in your Sphere Manipulator) :
4.b: Critical Bottom-to-Top issues arise: Create a "global" topology (call it "parent") - the beams - and then place real-life "components" (call them "childs") that affect (most probably) the "parent". OK, that's impossible to do with GH/Rhino (peace of cake with CATIA/Microstation) but you can "approximate" things up to a point. Alternatively: you can "trigger" some interest from GH/Rhino developers if they have any AEC market(s) in mind.
Topic 4.a requires the master-to-slave slider thingy (iterate over branches (index slider:master) > reset the 5 values (value slider:slave) > modify them on the fly > save > increase/decrease branch > ...).
Other than that my definitions are far more challenging than this simple case ... but ... anyway ... long is the path (and hilly).
more soon.
best, The Troll
…
that aren't relevant anymore or if there are any I missed please let me know. Maybe we can get a list like this in a better place as well.
Thank you.
Right Mouse - When wiring, plugs wire into multiple inputs.Shift+Click - Pick component aggregate.Shift+Clicking - Place component aggregate.Alt+Left - Click Split canvas tool.Ctrl+Q - Preview toggle.Ctrl+E - Enable toggle.Ctrl+Left - Navigate upstream.Ctrl+Right - Navigate downstream.Ctrl+M - Mesh Edge display toggle.Ctrl+1 - No previewCtrl+2 - Wireframe preview.Ctrl+3 - ShadedCtrl+Alt+Shift+Click - Save image of canvas.Ctrl+Alt and Shift+Ctrl+Alt - Highlights components on the canvas and component palette.Ctrl+Shift - Rewire component input/output.Double Click - Find/SearchAlt+Drag - Copy component on canvas.Ctrl+Tab - Document cycling.Ctrl+Shift+P - PreferencesCtrl+N - New fileCtrl+O - Open fileCtrl+S - Save file.Ctrl+Shift+S - Save as.Ctrl+Alt+S - Save backup.Ctrl+W - Close open document.Ctrl+Z - Undo copy.Ctrl+Y - RedoCtrl+X - CutCtrl+C - CopyCtrl+P - PasteCtrl+Alt+V - Paste in placeCtrl+Shift+V - Paste in centerCtrl+A - Select allCtrl+D - DeselectCtrl+Shift+I - Invert SelectionCtrl+Shift+A - Grow SelectionCtrl+Shift+Left Arrow - Grow UpstreamCtrl+Shift+Right Arrow - Grow DownstreamCtrl+Left Arrow - Shift upstreamCtrl+Right Arrow - Shift downstreamCtrl+G - Group selectionF3 - FindF4 - CreateF5 - RecomputeCtrl+B - Send to backCtrl+F - Bring to frontCtrl+Shift+B - Move backwardsCtrl+Shift+F - Move forwardsInsert - Bake selectedCtrl+Q - Toggle previewCtrl+E - Toggle enabled selected
…
ported to Rhino and "set" in Grasshopper, i trim both surfaces from their rectangular bases so that when sDivide is used it creates and distributes the same number of points on each surface.But heres the problems: a) if i use the "trimmed" surfaces with SrfGrid it errors warning: "A point in the grid is null. fitting operation aborted".I'd learned this was caused by "nulls" replacing position Data Items when the rectangular grid(surface base) was trimmed away. So i used Clean Tree which worked removing all nulls, then Shift Paths\Flip Matrix to create line-endpoint pairs for Polyline\Evaluate Curve. I Flattened the last Flip Matrix placing all data items in one source for SrfGrid, like in the working Untrim\CopyTrim definition.This time,.b) SrfGrid errored with: "The UCount value is not valid for this amount of points",.So, i substituted a 356 value, numeric Slider in the Addition B param., and tested its range until a valid UCount was found. Then SrfGrid fitted a surface thru the points, BUT,d) those SrfGrid surfaces are extremely deformed even thought the points preceding it from Evaluate Curve are accurate,SEE: def: "3b-RGH_SurfaceBlend.gh",AND,.a2) if i use Untrim with CopyTrim then SrfGrid works, but since the Jokers limbs WILL be in different surface positions then the blends between the Arm (for example) will rise from its relative FLAT position on the untrimmed Source surface to the Arm on the Target surface, rather than morphing from the Corresponding Arm position on the Source surface,. ..see def.: "4-RGH_SurfaceBlend.gh"So please let me know,..1) how to produce accurate surfaces from SrfGrid in def.: "3b-RGH_SurfaceBlend.gh",. ..(NOTE: BOTH these def's contain 2 indentical, "internalized" surfaces, but if def. 3b can be made to work it will also work with Dis-similar surfaces)2) which component to use or how else to determine the correct UCount value for a specified amount of points(ie:155), re: SrfGrid error: "The UCount value is not valid for this amount of points",.3) how else to force SrfGrid to work with Trimmed surfaces?, AND,..4) how to force intersurface, point-blend correspondence lines: Polylines(PLine) to be connected between correctly! correponding positions (Limbs) on the surfaces?,
Really! appreciate all help, definitions and kind generosity common to this knowledgable membership,
Cheers!,
Jeff…
2013 | mayo 30, 31 y 1 de junio. 15 Hrs.
Horario: 18:00 – 22.00 Jueves, Viernes y Sábado de 8:00 a 16:00 Hrs. Instructor_ Arch. David Hernández Melgarejo.
http://bioarchitecturestudio.wordpress.com
Objetivos:
El curso está dirigido a cada diseñador, ingeniero o arquitecto que quiere obtener una sólida base en modelado generativo y paramétrico dentro del flujo de trabajo en Rhinoceros.
En el curso se explorarán y construirán estructuras en el espacio paramétrico, incorporando entidades geométricas (Curvas, Superficies, Puntos, etc…) y usando patrones algorítmicos.
Cada paso será soportado con ejercicios que gradualmente incrementarán su complejidad.
El alumno aprenderá cómo trabajar con asociación geométrica y parámetros. Para perfeccionar asociación geométrica – asociación entre partes, asociación dinámica – las formas geométricas son generadas al seguir la conexión lógica entre la parte geométrica y su restricción, dimensión paramétrica y él proceso dinámico del diseño: en pocas palabras estimulamos el pensamiento relacional.
Resultados:
Los participantes con éste entrenamiento obtendrán las siguientes fundamentos.
· Construir, modificar, depurar y correr aplicaciones de Grasshopper.
· Comprender el editor gráfico algorítmico y sus patrones usando grupos y cables conectores.
· Trabajar con dimensiones dinámicas, parámetros y listas.
· Generar aplicaciones orientadas a la documentación del diseño y la fabricación.
Palabras clave:
Diseño Computacional, Scripting, Rhinoceros 5.0 + Grasshopper, Parametrización, Análisis, Fabricación Digital.
Para mayor información:
MArch. Kathrin Schröter. E-mail: kschroter@itesm.mx
Dirección de Arquitectura. Oficinas de Aulas 1, segundo piso.…
t defined from the discussion of radiation exchange between urban surfaces and the sky in urban heat island research (See Oke's literature list below). It will be affected by the proportion of sky visible from a given calculation point on a surface (vertical or horizontal) as a result of the obstruction of urban geometry, but it is not entirely associated with the solid angle subtended by the visible sky patch/patches.
So, I think using "geometry way" to approximate Sky View Factor is not correct. Sky View Factor calculation shall be based on the first principle defining the concept: radiation exchange between urban surface and sky hemisphere:
(image extracted from Johnson, G. T., & Watson, 1984)
Therefore, I always refer to the following "theoretical" Sky View Factors calculated at the centre of an infinitely long street canyon with different Height-to-width ratios in Oke's original paper (1981) as the ultimate benchmark to validate different methods to calculate SVF:
So, I agree with Compagnon (2004) on the method he used to calculate SVF: a simple radiation (or illuminance) simulation using a uniform sky.
The following images are the results of the workflow I built in the procedural modeling software Houdini (using its python library) according to this principle by calling Radiance to do the simulation and calculation, and the SVF values calculated for different canyon H/W ratios (shown at the bottom of each image) are very close to the values shown in Oke's paper.
H/W=0.25, SVF=0.895
H/W=1, SVF=0.447
H/W=2, SVF=0.246
It seems that the Sky View Factor calculated from the viewAnalysis component in Ladybug is not aligned with Oke's result for a given H/W ration: (GH file attached)
According to the definition shown in this component, I assume the value calculated is the percentage of visible sky which is a geometric calculation (shooting evenly distributed rays from sensor point to the sky and calculate the ratio of rays not blocked by urban geometry?), i.e solid angle subtended by visible sky patches, and it is not aligned with the original radiation exchange definition of Sky View Factor.
I'd suggest to call this geometrically calculated ratio of visible sky "Sky Exposure Factor" which is "true" to its definition and way of calculation (see the paper on Sky Exposure Factor below) so as to avoid confusion with "The Sky View Factor based on radiation exchange" as discussed in urban climate literature.
Appreciate your comments and advice!
References:
SVF: definition based on first principle
Oke, T. R. (1981). Canyon geometry and the nocturnal urban heat island: comparison of scale model and field observations. Journal of Climatology, 1(3), 237-254.
Oke, T. R. (1987). Boundary layer climates (2nd ed.). London ; New York: Methuen.
Johnson, G. T., & Watson, I. D. (1984). The Determination of View-Factors in Urban Canyons. Journal of American Meteorological Society, 23, 329-335.
Watson, I. D., & Johnson, G. T. (1987). Graphical estimation of sky view-factors in urban environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY, 7(2), 193-197. doi: 10.1002/joc.3370070210
Papers on SVF calculation:
Brown, M. J., Grimmond, S., & Ratti, C. (2001). Comparison of Methodologies for Computing Sky View Factor in Urban Environments. Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA: Los Alamos National Laboratory.
SVF calculation based on first principle:
Compagnon, R. (2004). Solar and daylight availability in the urban fabric. Energy and Buildings, 36(4), 321-328.
paper on Sky Exposure Factor:
Zhang, J., Heng, C. K., Malone-Lee, L. C., Hii, D. J. C., Janssen, P., Leung, K. S., & Tan, B. K. (2012). Evaluating environmental implications of density: A comparative case study on the relationship between density, urban block typology and sky exposure. Automation in Construction, 22, 90-101. doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2011.06.011
…