an example, it is transcendental and there simply aren't enough particles in this universe to encode all the unique decimals that make up Pi.
Matters are of course much worse in your average computer on Earth, different types of digital numbers are allotted fixed amounts of memory space. Bytes (0 to 255) are allowed 8 bits. Standard integers are allowed 32 bits. Standard double-precision floating point numbers are allowed 64 bits. There's only so many unique numbers you can make if all you have to work with are 64 on-off switches (2 to the power 64 to be precise). It stands to reason that one of these possible numbers is the lowest one and another the highest one.
Double.MaxValue returns the highest of all possible double-precision floating point numbers. There is no number higher than Double.MaxValue (unless you count Double.PositiveInfinity which isn't so much an actual number as a convention).
The most common reason for using Double.MaxValue in code is when you are looking for the lowest number in a list. What you do is iterate over the all the numbers in that list and remember the lowest one you found so far. By starting out with Double.MaxValue as 'the best answer so far' you guarantee that every other number will be either equal to or smaller than your starting value.
Put another way, Double.MaxValue isn't about getting the highest number in some collection of numbers, it's about getting the highest ever possible number.
--
David Rutten
david@mcneel.com
Poprad, Slovakia…
Added by David Rutten at 9:47am on February 4, 2013
.
Things have been working swimmingly in many areas of the plugin, but one particular problem has been tough to solve. I have two components that are trying to read/write to the same memory at the same time, causing Rhino exceptions and crashes.
The conflicts appear to be happening between two components -- one is a "Layer Events Listener" that reports essentially what type of layer event just happened. The other is a "Set Layer Visibility" component that toggles the visibility of a list of layers.
The code:
public class LayerTools_LayerEventsListener : GH_Component { /// <summary> /// Initializes a new instance of the LayerTools_LayerListener class. /// </summary> public LayerTools_LayerEventsListener() : base("Layer Events Listener", "Layer Listener", "Get granular information about the layer events happening in the Rhino document.", "Squirrel", "Layer Tools") { }
/// <summary> /// Registers all the input parameters for this component. /// </summary> protected override void RegisterInputParams(GH_Component.GH_InputParamManager pManager) { pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Active", "A", "Set to true to listen to layer events in the Rhino document.", GH_ParamAccess.item, false); pManager.AddTextParameter("Exclusions", "E", "Provide a list of exclusions to stop reading specific events (Added, Deleted, Moved, Renamed, Locked, Visibility, Color, Active).", GH_ParamAccess.list); pManager[1].Optional = true; }
/// <summary> /// Registers all the output parameters for this component. /// </summary> protected override void RegisterOutputParams(GH_Component.GH_OutputParamManager pManager) { pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Initialized", "I", "Whether the listener changed from passive to active.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddTextParameter("Document Name", "doc", "Name of the Rhino document that is changing.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddTextParameter("Layer Path", "path", "Path of the modifed layer.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddIntegerParameter("Layer Index", "ID", "Index of the modified layer.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddIntegerParameter("Sort Index", "SID", "Sort index of the modified layer.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddTextParameter("Event Type", "T", "Type of the modification.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Added", "A", "If the layer has been added.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Deleted", "D", "If the layer has been deleted.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Moved", "M", "If the layer has been moved.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Renamed", "R", "If the layer has been renamed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Locked", "L", "If the layer locked setting has changed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Visibility", "V", "If the layer's visibility has changed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Color", "C", "If the layer's color has changed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Active", "Act", "If the active layer has changed.", GH_ParamAccess.item); }
/// <summary> /// This is the method that actually does the work. /// </summary> /// <param name="DA">The DA object is used to retrieve from inputs and store in outputs.</param> protected override void SolveInstance(IGH_DataAccess DA) { bool active = false; List<string> exclusions = new List<string>();
DA.GetData(0, ref active); DA.GetDataList(1, exclusions);
RhinoDoc thisDoc = null;
bool initialize = false;
string dName = null; string activePath = null; int layerIndex = -1; int sortIndex = -1; string eventType = null; bool added = false; bool deleted = false; bool moved = false; bool renamed = false; bool locked = false; bool visibility = false; bool color = false; bool current = false;
if (active) { thisDoc = RhinoDoc.ActiveDoc;
initialize = (!previouslyActive) ? true : false;
RhinoDoc.LayerTableEvent -= RhinoDoc_LayerTableEvent; RhinoDoc.LayerTableEvent += RhinoDoc_LayerTableEvent; previouslyActive = true;
} else {
RhinoDoc.LayerTableEvent -= RhinoDoc_LayerTableEvent; previouslyActive = false; }
if (ev != null) { dName = ev.Document.Name; layerIndex = ev.LayerIndex; eventType = ev.EventType.ToString();
if (!exclusions.Contains("Active")) { if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Current") { // active layer has just been changed current = true; }
}
if (!exclusions.Contains("Moved")) { if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Sorted") { // active layer has just been changed moved = true; }
}
if (!exclusions.Contains("Added")) { if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Added") { // layer has just been added activePath = ev.NewState.FullPath; added = true; }
}
if (!exclusions.Contains("Active")) { if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Deleted") { // layer has just been added
deleted = true; } }
if (ev.EventType.ToString() == "Modified") { // layer has been modified activePath = ev.NewState.FullPath;
//skip sortindex eventType = ev.EventType.ToString();
if (ev.OldState != null && ev.NewState != null) { if (!exclusions.Contains("Locked")) { if (ev.OldState.IsLocked != ev.NewState.IsLocked) locked = true;
} if (!exclusions.Contains("Visibility")) { if (ev.OldState.IsVisible != ev.NewState.IsVisible) visibility = true; }
if (!exclusions.Contains("Moved")) { if (ev.OldState.ParentLayerId != ev.NewState.ParentLayerId) moved = true; }
//if (ev.OldState.SortIndex != ev.NewState.SortIndex) moved = true; if (!exclusions.Contains("Renamed")) { if (ev.OldState.Name != ev.NewState.Name) renamed = true; }
if (!exclusions.Contains("Color")) { if (ev.OldState.Color != ev.NewState.Color) color = true; } }
} }
DA.SetData(0, initialize); DA.SetData(1, dName); DA.SetData(2, activePath); DA.SetData(3, layerIndex); DA.SetData(4, sortIndex); DA.SetData(5, eventType); DA.SetData(6, added); DA.SetData(7, deleted); DA.SetData(8, moved); DA.SetData(9, renamed); DA.SetData(10, locked); DA.SetData(11, visibility); DA.SetData(12, color); DA.SetData(13, current);
}
static bool previouslyActive = false; Rhino.DocObjects.Tables.LayerTableEventArgs ev = null;
void RhinoDoc_LayerTableEvent(object sender, Rhino.DocObjects.Tables.LayerTableEventArgs e) { ev = e;this.ExpireSolution(true); }
And for the layer visibility component:
public LayerTools_SetActiveLayer() : base("Set Active Layer", "SetActiveLayer", "Set the active layer in the Rhino document.", "Squirrel", "Layer Tools") { }
/// <summary> /// Registers all the input parameters for this component. /// </summary> protected override void RegisterInputParams(GH_Component.GH_InputParamManager pManager) { pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Active", "A", "Set to true to change the active layer in Rhino.", GH_ParamAccess.item, false); pManager.AddTextParameter("Path", "P", "Full path of the layer to be activated.", GH_ParamAccess.item); }
/// <summary> /// Registers all the output parameters for this component. /// </summary> protected override void RegisterOutputParams(GH_Component.GH_OutputParamManager pManager) { pManager.AddIntegerParameter("Layer ID", "ID", "Index of layer that has been activated.", GH_ParamAccess.item); pManager.AddBooleanParameter("Status", "St", "True when the layer has been activated.", GH_ParamAccess.item); }
/// <summary> /// This is the method that actually does the work. /// </summary> /// <param name="DA">The DA object is used to retrieve from inputs and store in outputs.</param> protected override void SolveInstance(IGH_DataAccess DA) { bool active = false; string path = "";
if (!DA.GetData(0, ref active)) return; if (!DA.GetData(1, ref path)) return;
int layer_index = -1; bool status = false;
if (path != null) {
Rhino.RhinoDoc doc = Rhino.RhinoDoc.ActiveDoc; Rhino.DocObjects.Tables.LayerTable layertable = doc.Layers;
layer_index = layertable.FindByFullPath(path, true);
if (layer_index > 0) { // if exists RhinoDoc.ActiveDoc.Layers.SetCurrentLayerIndex(layer_index, true); status = true; } }
DA.SetData(0, layer_index); DA.SetData(1, status); }
Now originally I was getting exceptions when changing multiple layers' visibility properties, which would cause the Event Listener to fire and try to read the Visibility property before the memory has been released by the Set Layer Visibility component. That led me to add an "Exceptions" input, that would allow me to disable the reading of Visibility events at the source in the Layer Events listener. That helped me manage about 95% of the crashes I was getting, but I still get strange crashes in other event properties, even when that property shouldn't be affected. For instance, I am getting a crash here on the Name property in the event from the delegate function, even though I am only changing Visibility at any one time:
I have a few ideas but they all seem pretty hacky. One is to try to set a flag that is readable by any component in the plugin -- so that the event listener can see if a "set" component is currently running and abort before causing an exception. The other is creating a delay in the event listener, somthing like 200ms, to allow any set components to finish what they are doing before reading the event. Neither seems super ideal.
Any ideas?
Thanks,
Marc
…
lName, signalValue, operationMode):
sigV=signalValue
if sys.version_info[0] == 3:
if type(signalName) is str:
signalName=signalName.encode('utf-8')
if type(signalValue) is bytearray:
sigV = (ct.c_ubyte*len(signalValue))(*signalValue)
if type(signalValue) is str:
signalValue=signalValue.encode('utf-8')
sigV = (ct.c_ubyte*len(signalValue))(*signalValue)
else:
if type(signalValue) is bytearray:
sigV = (ct.c_ubyte*len(signalValue))(*signalValue)
if type(signalValue) is str:
signalValue=bytearray(signalValue)#<========This is line 1052
sigV = (ct.c_ubyte*len(signalValue))(*signalValue)
sigV=ct.cast(sigV,ct.POINTER(ct.c_ubyte)) # IronPython needs this
return c_WriteStringStream(clientID, signalName, sigV, len(signalValue), operationMode)
It displays the following error:
Program started
Connected to remote API server
Runtime error (TypeErrorException): unicode argument without an encoding
Traceback:
line 1052, in simxWriteStringStream, "C:\Program Files (x86)\V-REP3\V-REP_PRO_EDU\programming\remoteApiBindings\python\python\vrep.py"
line 70, in script
Any hint?…
l coarse mesh
Subdividing this mesh into strips of thin quads
Relaxing/Planarizing this mesh
Splitting and Unrolling
In this post I deal with the first 2 of these stages.
You can download the example definition here:
developable_strips_tutorial.gh
Drawing the initial mesh
To begin with we need a simple quad mesh. This can be modelled manually in Rhino, and only needs to use enough quads to give the topology and very rough form. No need to worry too much about the exact geometry or dimensions at this point, as we will refine and alter it as we go.
One very important thing that we do need to bear in mind though is that all internal vertices must have even valence (I covered this a bit in the earlier post here).
So for example, this is bad:
(because the highlighted vertex is surrounded by 5 faces)
While this is good (and can still be relaxed to the same shape):
(the top and bottom vertices have valence 8, and the vertices between the arms have valence 4)
With a little practice it should be possible to convert any mesh into one that meets this condition.
The reasons why we need this condition should become more clear in the later steps.
First subdivision
This is where we choose how many strips we want our final model to have, by applying a few rounds of subdivision using the Refine component (you could also use Weaverbird here):
Sorting the face directions
While quad meshes do not carry the same information about u/v directions as a NURBS surface, the individual faces do have a sort of direction given by their vertex ordering. However, these face directions are usually not consistently arranged, especially after subdivision.
The Kangaroo MeshDirection component attempts* to orient all the faces in a mesh so that they match with their neighbours.
For example, before sorting, if we draw a line from the midpoint of the first edge of each face to the midpt of its opposite edge, we might get something like this:
Whereas after sorting, we should get something like this:
*note that I say it attempts to orient the faces consistently. In some cases no valid solution exists, for instance if 3 or 5 faces meet around a vertex, hence the requirement mentioned at the start for even valence vertices.
Directional Subdivision
Now that we have consistent face directions across the mesh, we can apply further subdivision, but this time in one direction only. So we go from roughly square quads to thin rectangles. The idea is that as we apply higher levels of this directional subdivision, the final relaxed result goes towards something semi-discrete. A NURBS surface is fully continuous, and a mesh is fully discrete (made up of separate facets), while this strip model will be smooth in one direction and faceted in the other.
Go to part 2 for the next step of the process
…
odellazione digitale, approfondendo le metodologie della modellazione algoritmica e parametrica nel campo dell’architettura e del design del prodotto. Il corso è rivolto a studenti e professionisti dei settori della progettazione architettonica, design, moda e gioielleria. L'evento sarà trasmesso live e sperimenterà innovative forme di interazione tra docente e partecipanti. Le lezioni saranno registrate e sempre disponibili per gli iscritti. Sarà rilasciato un attestato di partecipazione.
_
TIPO DI EVENTO: LIVE WEBINAR (le lezioni saranno registrate e sempre disponibili per gli iscritti) QUANDO: 05 Dicembre (14.00 - 19.00), 06 Dicembre (14.00 - 19.00) DOVE: Piattaforma Clickmeeting (gli utenti iscritti riceveranno un link univoco) DURATA: Evento live di 2 giorni - 8 ore effettive di lezione LIVELLO: base (il corso è pensato per studenti senza alcuna esperienza specifica in Rhino/Grasshopper) SOFTWARE: Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, Ladybug (i link al download dei software in formato trial verranno forniti agli iscritti nei giorni precedenti l'evento). PREREQUISITI: esperienza base di modellazione tridimensionale (sviluppata su qualsiasi piattaforma) LINGUA: Italiano INTERAZIONE: Live chat e sessioni di domande/risposte ATTESTATI: sarà rilasciato attestato di partecipazione (no crediti formativi) MATERIALE: materiale didattico verrà fornito agli iscritti nei giorni precedenti l'evento. TUTOR: Arturo Tedeschi, Maurizio Degni
_
INFO ED ISCRIZIONE
…
rogettisti, artisti di vari media, paesaggisti, studenti.
Orario_ 9.00-18.00 ( 1 ora pausa pranzo). 16 ore_2 giorni da 8 ore.
Descrizione_Il livello base di Grasshopper serve come introduzione al plugin parametrico Grasshopper per Rhino 3d. I partecipanti saranno esposti a flussi di lavoro di livello principiante /intermedio ed a strategie di progettazione per la MODELLAZIONE PARAMETRICA. L'accento sarà posto sulle tecniche di flusso di dati, la visualizzazione e l'analisi in grado di fornire una solida base per la futura ricerca e sviluppo.
Le lezioni saranno composte da una parte teorica ed una pratica in cui si svilupperanno esercizi basati su elementi di Design ed Architetture contemporanee.
Iscrizioni_ generativef@gmail.com
+info_Grasshopper Workshop_Livello base
Organizza_generativeflow.com
Chi_ I docenti saranno Marco Bonucci & Fernando Rial
___________________________________________
When?_ 27/28 October 2012 (Saturday and Sunday)
Where?_ AD Comunicazione. Via di Sant'Anna, 3, Roma. (Centro Storico)
Schedule_ 9:00 to 18:00 (1 hour lunch break). Ore_2 days_16 hours_8 h/day
Who is the target Audience?_Architects, Engineers, Industrial Designers, Interior Designers, Product Designers, Artists of various media, Landscapers.
Abstract_ The basic level of Grasshopper serves as an introduction to Grasshopper, the parametric plugin for Rhino 3d. Participants will be exposed to beginner / intermediate workflows and design strategies for PARAMETRIC MODELING. The focus will be on techniques of data flow, visualization and analysis that will provide a solid basis for future research and development.
Registration_ generativef@gmail.com
+ info_Grasshopper Workshop_Basic Level
Organizes_generativeflow.com
Who_ I docenti saranno Marco Bonucci & Fernando Rial
…
Added by Fernando Rial at 10:48am on October 18, 2012
ino:
Go to "Windows Control Panel", then "Programs and Features", then find "Rhinoceros 5 (64-bit)" and "Rhinoceros", select and "Repaire".
Permalink Reply by Heath on August 14, 2013 at 1:13pm
I got it to work, thanks.
Permalink Reply by Akche MacEshwa on August 22, 2013 at 8:20pm
Right click the .rhi file and open it with rhino execution wizard which is located in Rhino directory. Good luck.
…
Added by Adam Donner at 5:38pm on September 19, 2013
ing on a project that has been left alone for a few months, when I couldn't get it just right and I'm finding myself thoroughly stumped. It was originally manually built in Rhino (see steps below) but I was hoping I could use GH to create better surfaces.
So, what I'm basically asking is if I can build this well using GH, and what approach I should use. It's basically a "c" shape, with a twisted octagonal surface of a varying diameter, but the files are attached.
I built this in Rhino using the following steps:
Drew my two outline curves, used tween curves to create a central line
Arrayed points at equal distances along the central curve, and drew perpendicular lines from these points to the outline curves
Created polygons (8 sided) using the line end points and added curve fillets
Manually rotated each polygon, by +15 degrees each time
Drew 2 edit point curves using opposite points on each polygon, connecting them all in a similar was to lofting
Used Sweep2, with the two twisted curves as the rails, and polygons as the cross sections
Extract isocurves, tweak, rebuild, use end polygon, split by isocurves, to sweep between each set of two isocurves
Tweak, rebuild, tweak, rebuild etc
My issue is that the surfaces this have produced can be a little tight/warped/loose/twisted/generally bad... And I was hoping someone on here could give me a little insight on how you'd approach this problem in GH. I know this is long, and rambling, but it someone could just point me in the right direction I'd be so grateful. I don't need a step-by-step, as I think it'd actually be good for me to figure it out by myself.
Thanks for taking the time to read all this! And any help is so appreciated!…
as one element.
Thank you
Comment by karamba on October 7, 2014 at 11:27pm
Hello Patricio, divide the beams in such a way that each boundary vertex of the shell becomes an endpoint of a beam segment.
Best, Clemens
Comment by Llordella Patricio on October 8, 2014 at 8:30amDelete Comment
Hi Clemens,
I did what you suggested but now assemble element doesn´t work properly. Could you please tell me how to fix it? Thanks in advance, Patricio
8-10-14losa%20cadena.gh
Comment by karamba on October 8, 2014 at 11:59am
Hi Patricio, if you flatten the 'Elem'-input at the 'Assemble'-component the definition works. The triangular shell elements have linear displacement interpolations whereas the beam deflections are exact. In order to get correct results you should refine the shell mesh.
Best, Clemens
Comment by Llordella Patricio on October 9, 2014 at 8:35amDelete Comment
Hello, succeeds in creating the mesh to the slab, and built the beam segment, but when I see the deformations are not expected because the beam is deformed as the slab.
Thanks for the help
PS: maybe I'm using the program for a type of structure that is not the most appropriate, as I saw in the examples of other structures. But this type of structure is that students taught
best regards
Patricio
9-10-14%20Example%201.gh
Comment by karamba on October 9, 2014 at 10:46am
You could use the 'Mesh Edges'-component to retrieve the naked edges and turn them into beams - see attached file:91014Example1_cp.gh
Best regards,
Clemens
Comment by Llordella Patricio on October 15, 2014 at 3:41pmDelete Comment
Dear clemens
I was doing a rough estimate of the deformation, and I can not achieve the same result with Karamba. When I make a rough estimate of the result with Karamba beams and mine are very similar, I think the problem is when I connect the shell, because there are no similar results.
I sent the GH file, and an image of the calculation
The structure is concrete The result I get is 0.58cm
thank youPatricio
15-10-14%20Example.gh
Comment by karamba yesterday
Dear Patricio,
try to increase the number of shell elements. As mentioned in the manual they are linear elements. A mesh that is too coarse leads to a response which is stiffer than the real structure.
Best,
Clemens
…
tal fabrication tools. DLAB will investigate natural growth processes in relation to innovative concepts of architectural tectonics and fabrication. We will carefully interweave these concepts with interaction and participatory design to create full-scale working prototypes. The programme will be formulated as a two-phase process. During the initial phase participants will benefit from the unique atmosphere and facilities of AA’s London home. The second phase will shift to AA Hooke Park campus and revolve around the fabrication and assembly of a full-scale architectural intervention.
Some of the most prominent features which the participants will be exposed to during DLAB include:
Teaching team: Participants engage in an active learning environment where the large tutor to student ratio (5:1) allows for personalized tutorials and debates.
Facilities: The Digital Prototyping Lab (DPL) in AA London houses cutting-edge facilities for the fabrication of physical outputs through digital fabrication techniques. The facilities at AA Hooke Park allow for the fabrication of one-to-one scale prototypes with a 3-axis CNC router.
Computational skills: The toolset of DLAB includes but is not limited to Rhinoceros, Processing, Arduino, and Grasshopper.
Theoretical understanding: The dissemination of fundamental design techniques and relevant critical thinking methodologies to the participants through theoretical sessions and seminars forms one of the major goals of DLAB.
Professional awareness: Participants ranging from 2nd year students to PhD candidates and full-time professionals experience a highly-focused collaborative educational model which promotes research-based design and making.
Fabrication: According to the specific agenda of each year, a one-to-one scale prototype is fabricated and assembled by design teams.
Lecture series: Taking advantage of its unique location, London, DLAB creates a vibrant atmosphere with its intense lecture programme conveying the diverse expertise of professionals in the areas of digital design and fabrication techniques.
Applications
The deadline for applications is 8 July 2013.
An application can be made by completing the online application form or completing the PDF application form and emailing it to visitingschool@aaschool.ac.uk.
Fees
The AA Visiting School requires a total fee of £1,660 per participant, which includes a £700 deposit and a £60 Visiting Membership.
Fees are non-refundable. Fees do not include flights. Train tickets between London-Hooke Park, accommodation, food in Hooke Park, and materials are included in the fees.
Students need to bring their own laptops, digital equipment and model making tools.…