rtical Sky Component (VSC), and now Sky Exposure Factor (SEF). For everyone else following this post, this discussion has been ongoing in these other threads:
http://www.grasshopper3d.com/forum/topics/sky-view-factor-vs-vertical-sky-component?groupUrl=ladybug&xg_source=msg_com_gr_forum&groupId=2985220%3AGroup%3A658987&id=2985220%3ATopic%3A1377260&page=1#comments
https://github.com/mostaphaRoudsari/ladybug/issues/230
Grasshope, you have gone right to Oke, the grandfather of urban climatology, whose papers I have several times and yet I somehow I always missed the finer details of the sky view calculation. From his definition, I had always thought of Sky View Factor as a purely solid angle or "view factor" calculation in the sense of Mean Radiant Temperature. However, the numbers and formulas that you give here clearly show that Oke meant that this metric for quantifying and understanding urban heat island must refer back to the urban surfaces and their orientation in relation to the sky. It cannot simply be the view from points in space.
To clarify the distinction in simple geometric terms: The key difference is that Sky Exposure refers to the sky seen by a point in space while Sky View refers to that seen by a surface. Both of them involve the calculation of either projected rays or solid angle calculations to the sky (since they both are “view” calculations). However, while Sky Exposure treats each patch of the sky with relatively equal weight, Sky View weights these patches by their area after being projected into the plane of the surface being evaluated. In other words, the sky view calculation for a horizontal surface would give more importance to the sky patches that are directly overhead than those near the horizon because these overhead patch are “in front” of the surface (as opposed to on the side).
To express this difference in the trigonometric terms you cite here:
Wall View = 0.5(sin2 θ + cos θ – 1) / (cos θ)
Wall Exposure = θ/π
I both cases:
θ = tan-1(H / 0.5W) - ** This is the solid angle or ray-tracing calculation
SkyViewOrExposure = (1 - 2 (WallViewOrExposure))
To put this in more simpler terms for the View Analysis component, all that I actually have to do to convert sky exposure to sky view is multiply each of the traced view rays by 2cos(ϕ), where ϕ is the angle between the surface normal and the given view ray being traced.
I have done this by adding this line of code () and I have verified that I get the values from Oke’s paper that you cite above, Grasshope. Accordingly, the View Analysis component now has the option to compute either Sky Exposure or Sky View. You can see this happening in this new example file:
http://hydrashare.github.io/hydra/viewer?owner=chriswmackey&fork=hydra_2&id=Sky_Exposure,_Sky_View,_and_Sky_Component&slide=0&scale=1&offset=0,0
To (once and for all!) clearly define the difference between the three metrics at the top of my reply and to explain how to calculate each with Ladybug Honeybee:
Sky Exposure Factor - The percentage of the overlying hemispherical sky that is directly visible from a given POINT or set of POINTS. This is equivalent to a geometric solid angle calculation or ray-tracing calculation from points. It is useful for evaluating one's general visual connection to the sky at a given point and should be applied to cases where direct views to the sky are the parameter in question.
Sky exposure is calculated with the Ladybug_View Analysis component like so:
Sky View Factor – The percentage of the overlying hemispherical sky that is directly visible from a given SURFACE or set of SURFACES. While Sky Exposure treats each patch of the sky with relatively equal weight, Sky View weights these patches by their area projected into the plane of the surface being evaluated. In other words, Sky View for a horizontal surface would give more importance to the sky patches that are overhead and less to those near the horizon. Sky View is an important factor in for modelling urban heat island since the inability of warm urban surfaces to radiate heat to a cool night sky is one of the largest contributors of the heat island effect.
Sky View is calculates with either the Ladybug_View Analysis component like so:
Or with the Honeybee_Vertical Sky Component Recipe like so:
Sky Component - The portion of the daylight factor (at a surface indoors) contributed by luminance from the sky, excluding direct sunlight. This is essentially the same as Sky View Factor but it often incorporates a sky condition that is not uniform, such as a cloudy sky or sky that is more indicative of diffuse sky light. Another way of conceiving of this metric is a Daylight Factor calculation without any light bounces. It is useful for understanding the direct daylight contribution of diffuse skylight and, although many consider it an older (and perhaps outdated) daylight metric, it is still required by some codes and standards.
Sky Component can be calculated with the Honeybee_Vertical Sky Component Recipe like so:
In addition to the added capability in the view analysis component, I have revised the component description to include the definitions above. I have also corrected the Hydra example file in which I cite sky view as an urban heat island metric to use the new formula:
http://hydrashare.github.io/hydra/viewer?owner=chriswmackey&fork=hydra_2&id=Sky_View_in_an_Urban_Canyon&slide=1&scale=1&offset=0,0
Finally, all of this discussion has made me realize that the Vertical Sky Component recipe for Honeybee might not always be evaluating VERTICAL sky. The sky component might be vertical, horizontal, or in any direction that the input test surface is placed and pts vectors are oriented. Accordingly, Mostapha, I think that we should change the name of the component to simply be “Sky Component” instead of “Vertical Sky Component”. Please let me know if you agree.
Thanks again, Grasshope, for all of the great work! All of this never would have made sense without your research.
-Chris…
s to run variety of daylight analyses using RADIANCE and Daysim.
Here is a short list highlighting some of the capabilities of this current Honeybee release:
- Prepare geometry: Users can create geometry for simulations by either starting with a mass and quickly turning it to a complete zone or creating the geometry surface by surface, enabling maximal freedom and control.
- Generate RADIANCE materials: Users can generate a wide variety of Radiance materials by either specifying a material color or inputting individual numeric values for material properties.
- Generate RADIANCE skies: Honeybee supports several sky types including a Climate-based sky, a Cumulative Climate-based sky, and several Standard CIE skies. And that’s not all! You can also visualize the sky by using the “watch the sky” component.
- Run several types of RADIANCE simulations: Honeybee enables users to run several types of accurate image-based analyses to produce images for luminance, Illuminance or Radiation. Honeybee supports all of the Radiance view types including Fish-eye, Parallel and Perspective, as well as both rendered and FalseColor images. There are even components that enable users to calculate Daylight Factor and the Vertical Sky Component! Lastly, users can run image-based glare analyses using evalglare.
- Run annual daylight analyses: Honeybee uses the Daysim engine to run annual daylight analysis. There is a full set of components for setting up this type of daylight study and another set for exploring the results. If you dare, you can even setup annual runs with dynamic blinds and advanced lighting controls! All right from Grasshopper!
- …
Here is what you will need to do:
Download Honeybee and Ladybug from the same link here. Make sure that you remove any old version of Ladybug if you have one, as mentioned on the Ladybug group page.
You will also need to install RADIANCE and DAYSIM on your system.Download RADIANCE 4.2 for Windows from NREL website (https://openstudio.nrel.gov/getting-started-developer/getting-started-radiance).Download Daysim 4.0 from the Daysim website: http://daysim.ning.com/page/download
“Radiance is a suite of programs for the analysis and visualization of lighting in design. Greg Ward developed RADIANCE at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.”
“DAYSIM is a validated, RADIANCE-based daylighting analysis software that models the annual amount of daylight in and around buildings. The overall development of DAYSIM has been coordinated by Christoph Reinhart since 1998.” Read more about Daysim on the website (http://daysim.ning.com/).
Make sure that you install both RADIANCE and DAYSIM in folders with no spaces in the file path (e.g. “C:\Program Files” has a space between “Program” and “Files”). A good option for each is C:\RADIANCE and C:\Daysim, which are usually the default locations when you run the downloaded installers.
If you want to run Glare analysis, you need to download EvalGlare from this link: (http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/downloads-englisch/software/evalglare_windows.zip/at_download/file). Evalgalare is developed by J. Wienold at Fraunhofer ISE. http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/
To produce false color images, you need to download FalseColor2 from this link: (http://pyrat.googlecode.com/files/falsecolor2.exe). FlaseColor2 is developed by Thomas Bleicher and is based on RADIANCE falsecolor.
Copy both evalglare.exe and falsecolor2.exe to C:\RADIANCE\bin (or wherever you have installed RADIANCE\bin).
We have put together some example files based on the different analysis types and you should use these to get yourself started with the ‘bee. You can download them from the link on the group page.
Ladybug also has four five new components. Chris and Saeran each developed two different types of Solar Fan and Solar Envelope components! Yes! Now you have more than one option to choose based on your design problem. Follow this discussion for more information and be sure to give them a try.
Last but not least, we give so many thanks to all of our great users who tested the Honeybee through its multiple iterations. Special thanks to Abraham and Daniel. Thanks again for all the support, great suggestions and comments. We really cannot thank you enough.
As always, please keep the suggestions coming and keep a critical eye to the ‘bug, ‘bee and the results of your studies!
Best,
Mostapha, Chris and Saeran
PS.1. Honeybee is a part of the Ladybug plugin and is under the same license as Ladybug.
PS.2. We know that a single key installation is something that many users might want but we thought that it is more important that users have a good understanding of the programs that are under the hood of HoneyBee and we accordingly ask you to download and install RADIANCE, DAYSIM and the other applications separately from the Honeybee components. Honeybee is, after all, just an interface and all of the hard calculations are done using validated engines (such as RADIANCE and DAYSIM), which have been developed by some of the greatest scientists over years. By making users aware of where their results are coming from, we also hope to avoid questions about whether the results accurate or not. You can trust that the engines are accurate but an accurate engine is just one element needed to achieve an accurate result. Without the ability to understand the inputs, interpret the outputs, or have a sense what is happening under the hood, users may find themselves at a loss.
PS.3. As mentioned before, the energy simulation components are still under development and are not included in this package. If you compare the Honeybee of last March (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoMy4O3vN6g) with the current version here, we are sure that then you probably agree that there is a good reason for this delay.
…
re are major changes and enhancements.
HONEYBEE
More Flexible Workflow - Many small modifications were made to support a more flexible workflow, such as the ability to separate a zone created with masses2Zones into editable HBSrfs that can be recombined. For the energy components, it is now possible to plug custom constructions directly into the components that set the zone constructions without writing them first into the library. For the daylighting components it is now possible to change all of the materials of specific surface types at once.
Support for Complex Geometry - Many small bugs for complex geometry have been fixed including the ability to import energy results correctly for curved NURBS surfaces as well as unconventional window configurations. Also, the intersectMasses component now almost always succeeds in splitting all of the surfaces of adjacent zones, no matter how complex the intersection is.
Automatic Download Issues Fixed - Many users who faced issues with not having “gendaymtx.exe” or who had trouble syncing with our github know that we faced an issue with automatic background downloads.
Air Walls - Honeybee EnergyPlus models now officially support air walls (or virtual partitions) in a basic implementation. Now, any time that you use the air wall construction or set a surface type to “air wall,” the air between adjacent zones will be automatically mixed. At present, this mixing is just a constant flow based on the surface area between zones connected by air walls multiplied by an adjustable “flow factor.” It is important to stress that this basic air mixing is not with the EnergyPlus Airflow Network, although the groundwork laid in this release will eventually allow for the implementation of the Airflow Network in future releases. As such, this present air mixing is only suitable for multi-zone conditions where there is not significant buoyancy-driven flow between zones.
Natural Ventilation - To go along with the new potential introduced by air walls, there has been a basic implementation of EnergyPlus’s natural ventilation objects in a new component called “Set EP Airflow”. The current setup allows for three possible types of natural ventilation: 1) natural ventilation through windows (with auto-calculated flow based on window area, outdoor wind speed/direction, and stack effects), 2) custom wind and stack objects that can be used to model things such as chimneys off of single zones, and 3) constant, fan-driven natural ventilation.
Additional Thermal Mass - The capability to add additional thermal mass to zones has been added. This is useful for factoring in the mass of indoor furniture or heavy interior objects such as chimneys.
New Utility Components - Abraham has added a couple of useful components to help calculate lighting loads based on bulb types and target lighting levels as well as a converter from ACH to the m3/s-m2 that the other HB components accept. Along this vein, there is also a component for adding in the resistance of Air Films to HB constructions.
Improved and Editable Ideal Air Loads System - The EnergyPlus Ideal Air System now goes through an automatic sizing period at the start of the simulation based on the extreme weeks of the weather file. Furthermore, the ability to adjust many of the parameters of the ideal air loads system have been added with a new “Set Ideal Air Loads Parameters” component. The component allows you to add in heat recovery, air side economizers and demand-controlled ventilation.
OpenStudio Export Update - The OpenStudio workflow is still largely under development but this release includes a version with a working VAV and PTHP system template for those curious with experimenting. Note that not all of the new features available for the basic “Run Energy Simulation” component are available for the OpenStudio component (such as air walls, natural ventilation, or additional thermal mass).
Microclimate/Indoor Comfort Maps - Blossoming from initial experiments with the radiant temperature map, a workflow for looking into sub-zone microclimate and indoor comfort has been initiated. All components for this are presently under the Honeybee WIP tab but, over the next month, they will be completing their development phase and moving into the rest of the tabs. If you are interested in testing when they are ready, please let Chris know. For a teaser video of the intended capabilities, see this video: (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNylb42FPIc&list=UUc6HWbF4UtdKdjbZ2tvwiCQ)
LADYBUG
Monthly Bar Chart - After much demand from multiple parties, a new component to create monthly bar and line charts has been added. The component is particularly useful for plotting the outputs of the “Average Data” component like monthly EPW data or averaged monthly-per hour data. It also supports daily data and any type of Energy simulation results.
Wind Profile - To go along with the new capabilities of natural ventilation in Honeybee, Ladybug now has a fully fleshed-out Wind Profile component that allows you to visualize how wind speed changes with height in relation to your building geometry. The component is geared to understanding the conditions of prevailing wind and will be useful in the future for setting up CFD models. Credit goes to Djordje Spasic for adding in all of the new capabilities. In a similar vein, the appearance of the wind rose has also been improved thanks to suggestions from Alejandra Menchaca.
Faster Solar Adjusted Temperature - Thanks to the SolarCal method from the Center for the Built Environment at UC Berkeley (http://escholarship.org/uc/item/89m1h2dg), the solar adjusted temperature component now includes an option for a much faster calculation that produces results that are very close to those originally obtained with the genCumSky component. Instead of using the cumulative sky, the component can now accept the direct and diffuse radiation from the ImportEPW component. Over a whole year, this essentially takes a calculation that used to be a half-hour and shrinks it down to 10 seconds. Thanks again to those at UC Berkeley for keeping their work open source!
Instructions - Last but not the least, [It took me almost two years to understand this but finally] we have a text file that describes the installation step by step and is way easier to modify than a video. You can find it in the zip file. Credit goes to Chris!
We also want to welcome Anton, Patrick and Sandeep to the team. Anton has kicked off his development by working on a component to import and visualize epw ground temperature data and he will be continuing to develop components to bring in reliable precipitation data to Ladybug. With this basis, he will continue to implement Honeybee components for ground heat storage, earth tubes, rain collection and hot water systems. Patrick and Sandeep are working on integration of Honeybee to Energy Performance Calculator.
As always let us know your comments and suggestions.
Enjoy!…
ve a revised date just yet but hopefully it should not be too long. Thank you all for joining the group however, it's nice to know there is some interest for the project and I hope you will forgive me for delaying the release date $:)
I would like to give a little background as to why I started this group and how the Embryo concept for grasshopper initially came about. The short version is probably best stated in mine and Sam Joyce's abstract for our “Thinking Topologically at Early Stage Parametric Design” paper (preprint) published at the recent Advances in Architectural Geometry (AAG) conference:
"Parametric modelling tools have allowed architects and engineers to explore complex geometries with relative ease at the early stage of the design process. Building designs are commonly created by authoring a visual graph representation that generates building geometry in model space. Once a graph is constructed, design exploration can occur by adjusting metric sliders either manually or automatically using optimization algorithms in combination with multi-objective performance criteria. In addition, qualitative aspects such as visual and social concerns may be included in the search process. The authors propose that whilst this way of working has many benefits if the building type is already known, the inflexibility of the graph representation and its top-down method of generation are not well suited to the conceptual design stage where the search space is large and constraints and objectives are often poorly defined. In response, this paper suggests possible ways of liberating parametric modelling tools by allowing changes in the graph topology to occur as well as the metric parameters during building design and optimisation."
Put simply, coding, generative modelling, scripting, etc... all encourage us to lay down design intent at a very early stage, and that intent can then be very hard to escape from if we still wish to indulge in the kind of broad design exploration that the concept stage requires. The inherent inflexibility of programming languages, be they visually represented as a graphs for example or just as pure code is well known by programmers. Good modular structuring of code or neat graph (network) representations can help mitigate and facilitate change, but essentially in an architectural design context the topology of a grasshopper network can be hard to break free from once laid down on the canvas top-down. We can often reach a position at concept stage whereby design exploration takes place with slider variables on only one or at best a few associative models before we really know what our intentions are. This occurs not least because concept stage is when we have the least amount of time to make adjustments ... making 100 different associative models is not a realistic possibility!
Image showing a variety of massing models at the early stages of a tower project. Most require a separate associative model (topological representation) be made if created in grasshopper, even if sliders allow certain metric freedoms.
In terms of architectural computing, this topology problem was acknowledged back in 2001 by Manual DeLanda in his paper: “Deleuze and the Use of the Genetic Algorithm in Architecture“. He asks designers to think not just in terms of metric sliders, but also think topologically about the ‘body-plan’ of a design if manual or automated search algorithms (not just GAs) are to be used not just to solve explicit problems but also to generate novel and surprising designs by using a computational approach. Eleven years on, this paper is especially relevant today because of the following developments:
1. Decision support tools are becoming better integrated and are moving earlier and earlier in the design process. One only has to look at the variety of analysis components available that either David has created in grasshopper himself or exist as third-party components that give designers more and more quantitative feedback on building performance at the early stage. The availability of such components is only likely to increase in the coming years.
2. Solvers are becoming available to the masses. Before, one had to program their own search code or at least know how to import and implement the appropriate libraries. The release of Galapagos was an important moment in architectural design in that knowledge of coding was no longer necessary for designers wishing to engage in hands off search processes, just an ability to understand a visual programming graph based interface such as grasshopper. Multi-objective solvers are just around the corner.
Due to all of the above, I started to wonder if anyone had thought about opening up the structure of the graph to be automated (not crafted explicitly top-down) so that a design's ‘body-plan’ could be open to change as De Landa argues is necessary in a healthy design search. Inspired by Dawkin’s Biomorphs, this could potentially allow the automatic exploration of different building typologies that are represented by different graph structures and not just variables, as required in the above tower design example.
The Stream Gate Component hooked up to Galapagos.
The stream gate component makes a claim for this. Theoretically a numerical slider (which may or may not be associated with Galapagos) can be hooked up in order to explore different network paths. However there is a catch as each avenue must still be explicitly laid down by the designer and hence realistically only a small number of alternative options can be explored unless again you have time to lay down many different potential networks. Instead, you may wish to let go completely and allow the machine to create visual graph structures (or programs) automatically... perhaps ones that can go beyond human cognition (this is a direction that I hope to explore with Embryo).
In opening up the automatic generation of graphs, one has to look at a higher level of abstraction for controlling the process... there is always human involvement somewhere. Such a strategy takes inspiration from the field of Genetic Programming (GP), pioneered by John Koza in the 1990s. In standard GP, computer code is generated automatically, initially represented as LISP tree structures but has now coincidently been applied to directed acyclic graphs (the type used in grasshopper), even allowing graph structures and their components to have a bit string representation. This field is called Cartesian Genetic Programming. Bloat issues are a well-known problem with GP and Embryo will have to tackle these. The beauty of using grasshopper to play out such an approach however is that geometric primitives are already present in the software, as well as their instantiation methods in the compiled component (unlike GC for example). Custom components can be utilised in a similar manner to the functions in CGP.
So anyway, I hope this gives some background to the project. Some of the other major influences that I haven't crammed into in this short introduction (but will no doubt bring up at some point) are the following:
Shape grammars
Evolutionary Development (Evo-Devo)
Morphogenesis
Lindenmayer Systems (particularly the work of Paul Coates)
Artifical Embryogenesis
With regards the last point, the name Embryo actually comes from Lewis Wolpert’s book ‘The Triumph of the Embryo’ that has had a big influence on my thinking and although slightly out of date, I urge a read if you have not discovered this book already.
So I hope this can be a place for general discussions about alternative graph manipulation methods as well as the place to discuss Embryo. I'm also excited about the potential of hooking up Embryo to Rabbit, SPM Vector Components, Hoopsnake, Kangaroo etc... but that is all way off in the future! Finally, here is a sneak preview of a very simple example of one of the Embryo components - in this case generating some small graph structures with only a few 'ingredient' components on a blank child canvas:
Embryo - (Very) Simple example from john harding on Vimeo.
…
nts for Ladybug too. They are based on PVWatts v1 online calculator, supporting crystalline silicon fixed tilt photovoltaics.
You can download them from here, or use the Update Ladbybug component instead. If you take the first option, after downloading check if .ghuser files are blocked (right click -> "Properties" and select "Unblock").
You can download the example files from here.
Video tutorials will follow in the coming period.
In the very essence these components help you answer the question: "How much energy can my roof, building facade, solar parking... generate if I would populate them with PV panels"?
They allow definition of different types of losses (snow, age, shading...) which may affect your PV system:
And can find its optimal tilt and orientation:
Or analyse its performance, energy value, consumption, emissions...
By Djordje Spasic and Jason Sensibaugh, with invaluable support of Dr. Frank Vignola, Dr. Jason M. Keith, Paul Gilman, Chris Mackey, Mostapha Sadeghipour Roudsari, Niraj Palsule, Joseph Cunningham and Christopher Weiss.
Thank you for reading, and hope you will enjoy using the components!
EDIT: From march 27 2017, Ladybug Photovoltaics components support thin-film modules as well.
References:
1) System losses:
PVWatts v5 Manual, Dobos, NREL, 2014
2) Sun postion equations by Michalsky (1988):
SAM Photovoltaic Model Technical Reference, Gilman, NREL, 2014
edited by Jason Sensibaugh
3) Angle of incidence for fixed arrays:
PVWatts Version 1 Technical Reference, Dobos, NREL, 2013
4) Plane-of-Array diffuse irradiance by Perez 1990 algorithm:
PVPMC Sandia National Laboratories
SAM Photovoltaic Model Technical Reference, Gilman, NREL, 2014
5) Sandia PV Array Performance Module Cover:
PVWatts Version 1 Technical Reference, Dobos, NREL, 2013
6) Sandia Thermal Model, Module Temperature and Cell Temperature Models:
Photovoltaic Array Performance Model, King, Boys, Kratochvill, Sandia National Laboratories, 2004
7) CEC Module Model: Maximum power voltage and Maximum power current from:
Exact analytical solutions of the parameters of real solar cells using Lambert W-function, Jain, Kapoor, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, V81 2004, P269–277
8) PVFORM version 3.3 adapted Module and Inverter Models:
PVWatts Version 1 Technical Reference, Dobos, NREL, 2013
9) Sunpath diagram shading:
Using sun path charts to estimate the effects of shading on PV arrays, Frank Vignola, University of Oregon, 2004
Instruction manual for the Solar Pathfinder, Solar Pathfinder TM, 2008
10) Tilt and orientation factor:
Application for Purchased Systems Oregon Department of Energy
solmetric.com
11) Photovoltaics performance metrics:
Solar PV system performance assessment guideline, Honda, Lechner, Raju, Tolich, Mokri, San Jose state university, 2012
CACHE Modules on Energy in the Curriculum Solar Energy, Keith, Palsule, Mississippi State University
Inventory of Carbon & Energy (ICE) Version 2.0, Hammond, Jones, SERT University of Bath, 2011
The Energy Return on Energy Investment (EROI) of Photovoltaics: Methodology and Comparisons with Fossil Fuel Life Cycles, Raugei, Fullana-i-Palmer, Fthenakis, Elsevier Vol 45, Jun 2012
12) Calculating albedo: Metenorm 6 Handbook part II: Theory, Meteotest 2007
13) Magnetic declination:
Geomag 0.9.2015, Christopher Weiss…
in ensuring the smooth operation of various industrial applications, from manufacturing plants to construction sites and beyond.
In the intricate dance of gears and shafts, industrial gearboxes translate the power from motors and engines into the precise movements required for specific tasks. Picture a massive crane lifting tons of materials effortlessly or a conveyor belt seamlessly transporting goods along a production line. Behind each of these feats lies the dependable performance of industrial gearboxes.
Beyond their mechanical prowess, industrial gearboxes are the unsung champions of efficiency and productivity. By efficiently transferring power and torque, they enable machinery to operate at optimal levels, minimizing energy wastage and maximizing output. This translates to cost savings for businesses and smoother operations that meet the demands of today's fast-paced industrial landscape.
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Moreover, custom gearboxes are renowned for their superior precision. Every component is meticulously crafted to meet the exact requirements of the machinery, resulting in smoother operation and more accurate performance. This precision not only improves overall efficiency but also reduces wear and tear, prolonging the lifespan of the equipment.
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When it comes to selecting the perfect gearbox manufacturer for your industrial needs, it's essential to make an informed decision. Here are some valuable tips to guide you through the process:
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In the dynamic landscape of industrial machinery, constant innovation drives progress. Recent years have seen remarkable advancements in industrial gearbox technology, ushering in a new era of efficiency and performance. One notable trend is the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which enables real-time monitoring and data analysis of gearbox operations. By harnessing IoT capabilities, manufacturers can gain valuable insights into gearbox performance, anticipate potential issues, and optimize maintenance schedules, thus minimizing downtime and maximizing productivity.
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Furthermore, energy efficiency has emerged as a key focus area in gearbox design and manufacturing. With growing concerns about environmental sustainability and energy consumption, gearbox manufacturers are prioritizing the development of energy-efficient solutions. This includes the use of advanced materials, precision engineering, and innovative lubrication techniques to minimize frictional losses and maximize power transmission efficiency. By adopting energy-efficient gearboxes, industries can reduce their carbon footprint and achieve significant cost savings over the long term.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, staying abreast of these emerging trends in industrial gearbox technology is crucial for businesses seeking to optimize machinery performance and maintain a competitive edge in today's fast-paced market. By embracing innovations such as IoT integration, predictive maintenance, and energy efficiency enhancements, manufacturers can drive operational excellence, enhance reliability, and achieve greater sustainability in their operations. As technology continues to evolve, embracing these trends will be essential for staying ahead of the curve and unlocking new opportunities for growth and success.…
HelperAttribute class i have the following code:
public override GH_ObjectResponse RespondToMouseDoubleClick(GH_Canvas sender, GH_CanvasMouseEvent e)
{
Rhino.RhinoApp.WriteLine("double click called\n");
if (robotBeam.Calc == true)
{
// new object Robot application
RobotApplication robApp = null;
for (int try_count = 0; try_count < 15; try_count++)
{
try
{
robApp =new RobotApplication();
if (robApp != null) break;
}
catch
{
robApp =null;
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100); // Sleep for 1/10 second to allow Robot to wake up
}
}
if (robApp == null)
{
System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("ERROR : Unable to open an instance of Robot\nRobot needs to be installed on your machine for this function to work");
return;
}
//if Robot is not visible
if (robotBeam.Visible == true)
{
//set robot visible and allow user interaction
robApp.Visible = 1;
robApp.Interactive = 1;
}
However in the scope if (robApp == null) I get an error:
An object of type convertible to 'Grasshopper.GUI.Canvas.GH_ObjectResponse' is required
on the line with the return statement.
How can I fix this…
then passed to the file3dm.Write() Method when it's used? Turns out it will work in the Visual Studio IDE perfectly well like this, Now I'm just sorting out the best way to create a surface.
If I can ask one more question, what does file.Polish() do?
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Rhino.Geometry;
using Rhino.FileIO;
using Rhino.Collections;
using Rhino;
namespace NurbsExample
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string output = "C:/WorkingFileExample.3dm";
RunScript(output);
}
private static void RunScript(string path)
{
File3dm file = new File3dm();
file.Polish();
for (int j = 0; j<=10; j++)
{
file.Objects.AddLine(new Line(j, 0, 5 - j, 5 + j, 0, j));
}
File3dmWriteOptions options = new File3dmWriteOptions();
options.SaveAnalysisMeshes = false;
options.SaveRenderMeshes = false;
options.SaveUserData = true;
file.Write(path, options);
}
}
}…
Added by Henry Jarvis at 6:33am on October 7, 2015