.0004. [1 of 7] Writing simulation parameters...5. [2 of 6] No context surfaces...6. [3 of 6] Writing geometry...7. [4 of 6] Writing materials and constructions...8. [5 of 7] Writing schedules...9. [6 of 7] Writing loads and ideal air system...10. [7 of 7] Writing outputs...11. ...... idf file is successfully written to : c:\ladybug\unnamed\EnergyPlus\unnamed.idf12. 13. Analysis is running!...14. c:\ladybug\unnamed\EnergyPlus\eplusout.csv15. ......
Done! Read below for errors and warnings:
16. 17. Program Version,EnergyPlus, Version 8.2.7-777c1f8d79, YMD=2015.02.28 16:09,IDD_Version 8.2.718. 19. ** Warning ** IP: Note -- Some missing fields have been filled with defaults. See the audit output file for details.20. 21. ** Warning ** Version: in IDF="'8.2.7'" not the same as expected="8.2"22. 23. ** Warning ** ManageSizing: For a zone sizing run, there must be at least 1 Sizing:Zone input object. SimulationControl Zone Sizing option ignored.24. 25. ** Warning ** ManageSizing: For a plant sizing run, there must be at least 1 Sizing:Plant object input. SimulationControl Plant Sizing option ignored.26. 27. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_1228. 29. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_12_GLZ_1230. 31. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_2532. 33. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_25_GLZ_2534. 35. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_2836. 37. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_28_GLZ_2838. 39. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_940. 41. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_9_GLZ_942. 43. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_1044. 45. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_10_GLZ_1046. 47. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_1148. 49. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_11_GLZ_1150. 51. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_1552. 53. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_15_GLZ_1554. 55. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_2456. 57. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_24_GLZ_2458. 59. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_2560. 61. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_25_GLZ_2562. 63. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_3064. 65. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_30_GLZ_3066. 67. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_3268. 69. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_32_GLZ_3270. 71. ** Severe ** GetHTSubSurfaceData: Surface Openings have too much area for base surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_3472. 73. ** ~~~ ** Opening Surface creating error=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_34_GLZ_3474. 75. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[2.94495E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_076. 77. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[3.84753E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_178. 79. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[9.16905E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_380. 81. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[4.96186E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_482. 83. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[2.37373E-005], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_684. 85. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[6.35824E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_786. 87. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[5.86549E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_888. 89. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[7.63765E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_1090. 91. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-8.09566E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_1292. 93. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[1.51701E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_1394. 95. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[9.29917E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_1596. 97. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[2.94451E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_1698. 99. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[8.03294E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_17100. 101. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[6.83026E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_18102. 103. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[9.29917E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_20104. 105. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[3.19851E-005], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_21106. 107. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[7.63765E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_23108. 109. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-4.05899E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_25110. 111. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[6.35824E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_27112. 113. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-9.91146E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_28114. 115. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[2.70158E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_29116. 117. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[3.22781E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_30118. 119. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[4.67821E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_33120. 121. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[3.22737E-004], Surface=F73533B3C6894C67936B_GLZP_34122. 123. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[2.65634E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_0124. 125. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[4.70736E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_1126. 127. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[3.42507E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_3128. 129. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[5.89276E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_4130. 131. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[1.91146E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_6132. 133. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[9.71205E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_7134. 135. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[4.34494E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_8136. 137. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-3.60159E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_9138. 139. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-1.11946E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_10140. 141. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-3.41257E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_11142. 143. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-8.21483E-005], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_15144. 145. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[2.65716E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_16146. 147. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[4.84044E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_17148. 149. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[7.12297E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_19150. 151. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[6.14324E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_22152. 153. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[8.88887E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_23154. 155. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-9.89060E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_24156. 157. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-1.14849E-003], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_25158. 159. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[4.00479E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_27160. 161. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[6.63061E-005], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_28162. 163. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[1.09018E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_29164. 165. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-2.49326E-005], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_30166. 167. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-3.17446E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_32168. 169. ** Warning ** GetSurfaceData: Very small surface area[8.60686E-004], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_33170. 171. ** Severe ** GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-2.48515E-005], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_34172. 173. ** Fatal ** GetSurfaceData: Errors discovered, program terminates.174. 175. ...Summary of Errors that led to program termination:176. 177. ..... Reference severe error count=24178. 179. ..... Last severe error=GetSurfaceData: Zero or negative surface area[-2.48515E-005], Surface=4BDFD67E6D0E486796CC_GLZP_34180. 181. ************* Warning: Node connection errors not checked - most system input has not been read (see previous warning).182. 183. ************* Fatal error -- final processing. Program exited before simulations began. See previous error messages.184. 185. ************* EnergyPlus Warmup Error Summary. During Warmup: 0 Warning; 0 Severe Errors.186. 187. ************* EnergyPlus Sizing Error Summary. During Sizing: 2 Warning; 0 Severe Errors.188. 189. ************* EnergyPlus Terminated--Fatal Error Detected. 41 Warning; 24 Severe Errors; Elapsed Time=00hr 00min 1.51sec190.…
main attention is set on easy to handle interface , which should be used at a early stage of conceptual design to respond to external and internal influences in a intelligent and sustainable way.
Participants will use the software Grasshopper as a parametric modeling plug-in for Rhino. The usage of this graphical algorithm editor tightly integrated with Rhino’s 3-D modeling tools open up the possibility to construct highly parametrical complex models. To generate this complexity we will use live linkages to several programs listed below:
• Autodesk Ecotect Analysis and Radiance via GECO
• Processing, Excel or Open Office via gHowl
• FEA software GSA via SSI
In this 3 intense days, the participants should learn the workflow of the plug-ins with the help of examples and get an overview of the different software’s, there possibilities for evaluating the performance of a design or the usage of additional tools to be not chained to a single system .
(e.g. parametrical accentuation, parametrical formation, parametrical reaction)
TIME AND LOCATION
27th – 29th September 2010Leopold-Franzens university innsbruck/austria
Technik Campus | ICT - building
Technikerstraße 21a
A - 6020 Innsbruck | Austria
47°15’50.71”N 11°20’43.45”E
detailed program as pdf-version
FOR WHOM
All levels are welcome (students & professionals)
The only requirement is knowledge of Rhino and Basic Grasshopper.
You will need a level which corresponds to the Grasshopper Primer course outline.
FEES
21 hours
professionals: 395€
students (bachelor/master): 250€.
REGISTRATION
please send a email to to.from.uto@gmail.com attached with following information :
Last Name
First Name
Date of Birth
Nationality
Email Address
Current Address
Profession or proof of student status
After submitting you will receive an email with a PayPal link to complete registration.…
is means both E+ and Daylight simulations share the same lighting schedule. So I assume their results should be more or less similar or not that different, even though there might be some difference in their calculation methods.
But, having tried many times, the result generated by the "Honeybee_Daysim Electrical Lighting Use" is usually much less than that generated by the "Honeybee_Read EP Result" (e.g. 160.5 kwh vs 369.425 kwh as in the current parameter).
In addition, in "Honeybee_Lighting control Recipe", default parameters (lightingPower = 250, lightingSetpoint = 300, ballastLossFactor = 20, standbyPower = 3, delayTime = 5) were used in the current case except "control type" - [5] Always on during active occupancy hours with auto dimming.
In short, both E+ and Daylight simulations have already shared the same lighting schedule. As for Control type and Lighting Setpoint, they are only required in daylight simulation.
Best,
Ding…
ist.
In other words, I'm looking for the GH equivalent of
Dim x As New List(Of List(Of List(Of Double)))
For example, I might have an outer list of 10 items each containing 20 lists with 30 items inside each 2nd tier list.
Say the outgoing gh_Structure is:
Dim outgoing_Struc as new gh_structure(of gh_number)
I can't seem to figure out how I might use the "append" method to GH_Structure to insert items to specific paths to create a list of a list.
The additional complexity is that I want to customize the indices of the outgoing list. Instead of the outer most list running straight from 0 to 9, I might want to have its indices non-sequential as {0}, {2}, {5}, {11} for example. This helps in using the "Tree Item" component downstream as these specific non-sequential indices refer to something specific upstream.
For example, with custom indices, I can pull a specific sublist by using index {11;3} which may not exists if the indices ran sequentially.
I guess the more general questions is whether anybody has pointers on creating nested trees in a custom component with specific indices? It appears that GH_Path has a "DebuggerDisplay" property which masks the internal continuously running index but this is a read only property.
Any pointers would be helpful
Thanks.…
Added by kermin chok at 1:37am on December 10, 2013
to Daniel Pikers' Tutorial mesh relaxation tutorials we are already pretty far.
The Idea of our design is a hanging structure suspendend in a gap between buildings, where you can find places to rest, read or even to sleep. You can find privacy in the cocoons, that are connecting the planes with each other.
As structure we have a net in mind, that is tighter in the area of the cocoons and more transparent in the common areas, but we really don't know whats the right way to get to this point.
In the end of the project we need a printable geometry. We start our boxy design in Sketchup, and remesh it in Rhino. After that we feed it in our kangaroo definition.
1. A nurbs surface could give us more freedom (for postprocessing in tsplines) to form meshes with shorter and longer edges, representing our net. But I see now easy way to get a surface out of the relaxed kangaroo mesh.
2. Working with the kangaroo mesh could also work fine, if we'd find a way to control the edge length of the mesh (for example 20 cm in the common area and 5 in the privates) with an attractor point. Remeshing with Daniel's Plankton Plugin sadly doesn't work, I always get the "runaway faces circulator"-error.
3. It woud be great to convert the mesh to a hexagonal mesh, but I don't know any possibility to remesh an existing one...
You see, we're full of questions, but I really hope to get some help here :)
Agostino & Johanna
…
en la práctica de nuevos métodos de diseño y fabricación utilizando herramientas digitales. Estos procedimientos emergentes están cambiando radicalmente la manera en que nos aproximamos al proceso de diseño en términos de concepción y producción. Los participantes serán introducidos en el uso de softwares de modelado 2d y 3d para la generación de geometrías que serán posteriormente mecanizadas in situ en una máquina de control numérico CNC de 3 ejes.
¡AL FINAL DEL CURSO TE LLEVAS TU LÁMPARA A CASA!
Profesores: Equipo MEDIODESIGN* + TOOLINGROUP*
*Official Rhino Trainners. Acreditación otorgada por McNeel, desarrolladores del software Rhinoceros.
Lugar: Mediodesign. Pallars 85-91 5-2 BCN
Duración: 16 / 20 horas
Fecha: sábado 9 / domingo 10 julio de 2011
Horario: de 10h a 14h / de 16h a 20h
Plazas: 20 participantes
REQUISITOS
< Dirigido a estudiantes y profesionales de la arquitectura, diseño y profesiones afines.
< Ordenador portátil.
< Softwares instalados. En el momento de la inscripción, los participantes recibirán las instrucciones para la descarga e instalación de versiones gratuitas (trials) de los softwares.
CONTENIDOS
< Introducción al diseño avanzado y la fabricación digital.
< Entorno Rhinoceros y sus plug-ins.
< Herramientas y estrategias de trabajo CNC.
< Materiales y sus características.
< Planteamiento del ejercicio: diseño de una luminaria
< Desarrollo del archivo de RhinoCam para el mecanizado CNC.
< Mecanizado y post-producción.
< Entrega de propuestas: Presentación en formato digital del proceso de diseño y fabricación (pdf, powerpoint, etc…) y del prototipo de luminaria realizado.
INSCRIPCIONES
Precio: 199 € Materiales incluidos.
Forma de pago: mediante transferencia bancaria.
Límite fecha de inscripción: lunes 4 de julio 2011
Se otorgará certificado de asistencia. …
sophy though, I have a rudimentary grasp of the Ancient Greeks and modern schools of thought such as Existentialism and Pragmatism, but there is certainly no depth in my understanding. However here the same rule applies. You can quote philosophy all you want, but unless you understand that which you're channelling you can be -at best- accidentally correct.
According to you, these are all vital characteristics:
Aesthetic judgement
Intuition about spatial effectiveness
Knowledge of construction materials & assembly systems
Consideration of performance-driven design properties
Mad synthesizing skillz
[1] and [2] are pretty much worthless, especially when we're dealing with students. Aesthetic judgement is not something that can be wrong or right. You can hone your aesthetic skills but you cannot cultivate better tastes. Intuition is also problematic. It's basically a stand-in for argumentation. Instead of saying "these buildings have to have 20 meters apart because of wind/sound/human perception/human psychology/light/shadow/etc. etc" is a far stronger statement than "these buildings have to have 20 meters apart because of my feelings". Who are you to be trusted? If you have a long and distinguished career backing you up, maybe your opinions carry some weight, but until that point you'd better be prepared to justify your decisions with cold hard logic and data.
[3] is certainly important for certain jobs in construction, but it can be argued that implementation details are not necessarily central to a design. One can design a good computer interface without having to be able to program, and certainly without being familiar with all the idiosyncrasies of a particular programming language. Conversely, one can design an excellent space without knowing exactly how strong certain atomic bonds are. If what you design is physically impossible, then obviously something has to change, but it doesn't mean that the design as an abstract idea was bad. Of course on the other hand one can argue that designing impossible things is not doing anyone any favours. I'm not exactly certain where I stand on this issue, probably comfortably in the middle; YES, students need to learn about what can be build in the physical world, but NO that is not part of design training.
I'm not quite sure what [4] means.
[5] is true for a lot of professions, not just Architects. I would concede that architects probably have more to take into account than most designers and that it is indeed an important skill to have.
I would say that -especially for students, who have little experience- an incredibly important skill to be able to ask yourself "why am I doing this?" about pretty much every decision you make. Basically you need to get very comfortable applying the Socratic method to everything you do.
--
David Rutten
david@mcneel.com
Tirol, Austria…
Added by David Rutten at 11:03am on August 14, 2013
egin working on a design, we first have to systematically examine the resources and restrictions which, on the one hand, make every design project possible and, on the other hand, also define and delimit it. Knowing what we have to work with enables us to explore its boundaries and at the same time to venture beyond those boundaries. This is our studio’s sphere of action; our projects emerge as a critical reflection of the discipline of architecture, in its essence, on fundamental concepts, their general form, and their underlying media and processes. The goal of our work is to master a variety of forms of the architectural repertoire of the 20th century, but especially to develop and expand this repertoire, as has been happening in the past 20 years. The goal of this workshop is to introduce a series of these techniques and expertises and to apply the knowledge transfer on a given site in Timisoara. GUESTS: STUDIO ZAHA HADID VIENNA: http://www1.uni-ak.ac.at/architektur/ https://www.facebook.com/StudioHadidVienna Ass. Dipl.-Ing.MArch. AA Dist. Robert NEUMAYR-BEELITZ - lecturer/critic http://www.unsquare.at/ AProf. Mag.arch. Mag.theol. Johannes TRAUPMANN - critic http://www.pxt.at/ Univ.-Ass. Dipl.-Ing. Jens Erik MEHLAN - critic http://moh-architecture.com/ Univ.Stud.Ass. Daniel BOLOJAN - tutor - Grasshopper http://nonstandardstudio.wordpress.com/ Univ.Stud.Ass. Bogdan ZAHA - tutor - Maya http://bogdanzaha.tumblr.com/ LOCAL: Prof.Dr.Arh.Urb.Conf. Florin MACHEDON - critic (BUC)
more information on https://encodedfields.wordpress.com/…
ation production and consumption that represent our physical world in numbers and complex networks. The advent of computational systems has not only helped in developing data production but also in transmitting data between different disciplines including architecture through fields of numbers/codes. Historically, numbers and proportions played a vital role in architectural production, now; the complex flow of data is opening unexpected territories for architects. Data Flow is an advanced computational design workshop that focuses on capturing, processing and utilizing real time data from the surrounding environment by means of physical computing and parametric design tools, enabling the participants to develop informed design solutions that adapt to the environment. The workshop knowledge objective is to reconsider abstract data as a design opportunity by developing the quantitative flow of data as a qualitative design approach. /// Application To apply, please follow this link to fill the application form https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1xzKn-cZzfvu24ktTNP1ElGBAufdryfLNCXvpheucrS8/viewform /// Fees* 1700 EGP for students / 2000 EGP for graduates and young professionals * 20 % discount for early registration and payment before 22 nd of August 2014 more info on the workshop webpage: http://www.encodestudio.net/#!dataflow/cslb…
have some spare time please fill in my 3D Printing Open Survey - If you could make almost anything, what would it be ? Updated results are publicly available after completing questionnaire (Please press "Wyślij" - Send button and "Wyniki ankiety" - Results button at the end). This survey will be used to evaluate demand for 3d printing services globally. It consist of 30 questions about: - open-source 3d printers - future of additive manufacturing - 3d printing services - ecology in 3d printing - copyright issues and 3d printing Three example questions: 2. Which of the following 3d printing applications is the most interesting? * - Things personalization - Printing food - Attempts to print structures resembles in functioning living tissues or blood vessels - Creating impossible or difficult to create by using conventional technology things - Printing rooms or buildings on earth/moon - Printing chemical compounds (for example drugs) - Using in renewable energy sources - Printing parts and/or mechanical vehicles 3 . Have you ever heard about cheap DIY 3D Printers (for example RepRap, PrintrBot, MakiBox A6) ? * DIY - Do It Yourself - Yes - No 4 . When 3D Printers will become one of the typical household appliances ? * - After 5 years - After 10 years - After 15 years - After 20 years or later - Never - I don't know Feel free to ask questions!…